https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2021.9565
DNA barcoding and nutritional analysis as a tool for promoting the market of inland fish species
Submitted: 18 December 2020
Accepted: 6 July 2021
Published: 4 October 2021
Accepted: 6 July 2021
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
The increasing world market demand for seafood requires an expansion of product categories available to consumers. Inland fish are usually considered having unmarked taste and are less appreciated by consumers; thus, they have low commercial value. Therefore, the marketing of the lake’s fresh and processed fish is limited to the local market and consumers are currently uninformed and mistrustful about these species. In this study, six different fish species were caught in the Fondi lake (Lazio, central Italy): Anguilla anguilla, Tinca tinca, Carassius gibelio, Cyprinus carpio, Micropterus salmoides, Chelon ramada. All the samples were subjected to nutritional and DNA barcoding analysis. Moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash, and sodium content were measured. As regards the fatty acids profile, the most abundant were MUFAs with the highest value in Anguilla anguilla (45.97%). Oleic acid (C18: 1 n9 cis) was particularly high in Cyprinus carpio (55.46%). The fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) revealed a higher DHA content (C22: 6 n3) in Anguilla anguilla than the other species (>12 %) while Chelon ramada presented both higher EPA content (C 20: 5 n3) and total fraction of omega 3 PUFAs. Concerning molecular analysis, a 655 bp fragment of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was successfully used for the identification at the species level using both BOLD and BLAST public databases. The present study gives the basis for improving the knowledge and promoting inland fish’ market and traceability along the supply chain.
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A.Watters C, M. Edmonds C, 2012. A Cost Analysis of EPA and DHA in Fish, Supplements, and Foods. J Nutr Food Sci 2:8.
Adámková V, Kacer P, Mraz J, Suchanek P, Pickova J, Králova Lesná I, Skibova J, Kozak P, Maratka V, 2011. The consumption of the carp meat and plasma lipids in secondary prevention in the heart ischemic disease patients. Neuroendocrinol Lett 32:17–20.
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Armani A, Guardone L, Castigliego L, D'Amico P, Messina A, Malandra R, Gianfaldoni D, Guidi A, 2015. DNA and Mini-DNA barcoding for the identification of Porgies species (family Sparidae) of commercial interest on the international market. Food Control 50:589–96.
Barbuto M, Galimberti A, Ferri E, Labra M, Malandra R, Galli P, Casiraghi M, 2010. DNA barcoding reveals fraudulent substitutions in shark seafood products: The Italian case of 'palombo' (Mustelus spp.). Food Res Int 43:376–81.
Briggs M, Petersen K, Kris-Etherton P, 2017. Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Replacements for Saturated Fat to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. Healthcare 5:29.
Broughton RE, Reneau PC, 2006. Spatial Covariation of Mutation and Nonsynonymous Substitution Rates in Vertebrate Mitochondrial Genomes. Mol Biol Evol 23:1516–24.
Ceruso M, Mascolo C, Anastasio A, Pepe T, Sordino P, 2019. Frauds and fish species authentication: Study of the complete mitochondrial genome of some Sparidae to provide specific barcode markers. Food Control 103:36–47.
Ceruso M, Mascolo C, De Luca P, Venuti I, Smaldone G, Biffali E, Anastasio A, Pepe T, Sordino P, 2020. A rapid method for the identification of fresh and processed pagellus erythrinus species against frauds. Foods 9:1397.
CREA Centro di ricerca Alimenti e Nutrizione, 2016. Tabelle di composizione degli alimenti. Available online: https://www.alimentinutrizione.it/tabelle-nutrizionali/121410.
EFSA, 2010. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. EFSA Journal 8:1461.
EUMOFA, 2020. The EU Fish Market 2020. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Eurofish International Organisation. Rome, IT. Available online: https://www.eurofish.dk/italy.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2011. Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, amending Regulations (EC) No 1924/2006 and (EC) No 1925/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Commission Directive 87/250/EEC, Council Directive 90/496/EEC, Commission Directive 1999/10/EC, Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Directives 2002/67/EC and 2008/5/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 608/2004. In: Official Journal, L 304/18, 22/11/2011.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2013. Regulation (EU) No 1379/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 on the common organisation of the markets in fishery and aquaculture products, amending Council Regulations (EC) No 1184/2006 and (EC) No 1224/2009 and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 104/2000. In: Official Journal, L 354/1, 28/12/2013.
FAO, 2018. Review of the state of the world fishery resources: inland fisheries. Rome, IT. Available online: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0388en/CA0388EN.pdf.
FAO, 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Rome, IT. Available online: https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en.
Fernandes CE, Vasconcelos MADS, De Almeida Ribeiro M, Sarubbo LA, Andrade SAC, Filho ABDM, 2014. Nutritional and lipid profiles in marine fish species from Brazil. Food Chem 160:67–71.
Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R, 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial
cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Marine Biol Biotechnol 3:294-9.
Garaffo MA, Vassallo-Agius R, Nengas Y, Lembo E, Rando R, Maisano R, Dugo G, Giuffrida D, 2011. Fatty Acids Profile, Atherogenic (IA) and Thrombogenic (IT) Health Lipid Indices, of Raw Roe of Blue Fin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) and Their Salted Product "Bottarga". Food Nutr Sci 02:736–43.
Giusti A, Tinacci L, Sotelo CG, Marchetti M, Guidi A, Zheng W, Armani A, 2017. Seafood Identification in Multispecies Products: Assessment of 16SrRNA, cytb, and COI Universal Primers' Efficiency as a Preliminary Analytical Step for Setting up Metabarcoding Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques. J Agric Food Chem 65:2902-12.
Guardone L, Tinacci L, Costanzo F, Azzarelli D, D'Amico P, Tasselli G, Magni A, Guidi A, Nucera D, Armani A, 2017. DNA barcoding as a tool for detecting mislabeling of fishery products imported from third countries: An official survey conducted at the Border Inspection Post of Livorno-Pisa (Italy). Food Control 80:204–16.
Handy SM, Deeds JR, Ivanova NV, Hebert PD, Hanner RH, Ormos A, Weigt LA, Moore MM, Yancy HF, 2011. A single-laboratory validated method for the generation of DNA barcodes for the identification of fish for regulatory compliance. J AOAC Int 94:201-10.
Hebert PD, Ratnasingham S, de Waard JR, 2003. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proc Biol Sci 270:S96–9.
Hubert N, Hanner R, Holm E, Mandrak NE, Taylor E, Burridge M, Watkinson D, Dumont P, Curry A, Bentzen P, Zhang J, April J, Bernatchez L, 2008. Identifying Canadian freshwater fishes through DNA barcodes. PLoS One 3:e2490.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K, 2018. MEGA X : Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547–9.
Lakra WS, Singh M, Goswami M, Gopalakrishnan A, Lal KK, Mohindra V, Sarkar UK, Punia PP, Singh K V., Bhatt JP, Ayyappan S, 2016. DNA barcoding Indian freshwater fishes. Mitochondrial DNA Part A DNA Mapping Seq Anal 27:4510–7.
Linhartová Z, Krejsa J, Zajíc T, Másílko J, Sampels S, Mráz J, 2018. Proximate and fatty acid composition of 13 important freshwater fish species in central Europe. Aquac Int 26:695–711.
Luczynska J, Paszczyk B, Luczynski MJ, 2014. Fatty acid profiles in marine and freshwater fish from fish markets in northeastern Poland. Arch. Polish Fish. 22:181–8.
Mascolo C, Ceruso M, Sordino P, Palma G, Anastasio A, Pepe T, 2019. Comparison of mitochondrial DNA enrichment and sequencing methods from fish tissue. Food Chem 294:333–8.
Mikkelsen PM, Bieler R, Kappner I, Rawlings TA, 2006. Phylogeny of Veneroidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) based on morphology and molecules. Zool J Linn Soc 148:439–521.
Minegishi Y, Aoyama J, Inoue JG, Miya M, Nishida M, Tsukamoto K, 2005. Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the freshwater eels genus Anguilla based on the whole mitochondrial genome sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 34:134–46.
MIPAAF, BMTI S.c.p.A., 2020. Annuario sul mercato ittico 2019. Rome, IT. Available online: https://www.bmti.it/.
Özogul Y, Özogul F, Alagoz S, 2007. Fatty acid profiles and fat contents of commercially important seawater and freshwater fish species of Turkey: A comparative study. Food Chem 103:217–23.
Reilly A, 2018. Overview of food fraud in the fisheries sector. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1165. Rome, IT. Available online: http://www.fao.org/3/I8791EN/i8791en.pdf.
Saitoh K, Sado T, Mayden RL, Hanzawa N, Nakamura K, Nishida M, Miya M, 2006. Mitogenomic evolution and interrelationships of the cypriniformes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi): The first evidence toward resolution of higher-level relationships of the world's largest freshwater fish clade based on 59 whole mitogenome sequences. J Mol Evol 63:826–41.
Ulbricht TL, Southgate DA, 1991. Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. Lancet 338:985-92.
Wang J, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhou M, Wang X, 2017. Comparative mitogenomic analysis of mirid bugs (Hemiptera : Miridae) and evaluation of potential DNA barcoding markers. PeerJ 5:e3661.
Ward RD, Zemlak TS, Innes BH, Last PR, Hebert PDN, 2005. DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 360:1847–57.
Watts JL, Browse J, 2002. Genetic dissection of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:5854–9.
A.Watters C, M. Edmonds C, 2012. A Cost Analysis of EPA and DHA in Fish, Supplements, and Foods. J Nutr Food Sci 2:8.
Adámková V, Kacer P, Mraz J, Suchanek P, Pickova J, Králova Lesná I, Skibova J, Kozak P, Maratka V, 2011. The consumption of the carp meat and plasma lipids in secondary prevention in the heart ischemic disease patients. Neuroendocrinol Lett 32:17–20.
Aquaculture ETDEL, 2020. FAO Yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2018/FAO annuaire. Available online: http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb1213t/.
Armani A, Guardone L, Castigliego L, D'Amico P, Messina A, Malandra R, Gianfaldoni D, Guidi A, 2015. DNA and Mini-DNA barcoding for the identification of Porgies species (family Sparidae) of commercial interest on the international market. Food Control 50:589–96.
Barbuto M, Galimberti A, Ferri E, Labra M, Malandra R, Galli P, Casiraghi M, 2010. DNA barcoding reveals fraudulent substitutions in shark seafood products: The Italian case of 'palombo' (Mustelus spp.). Food Res Int 43:376–81.
Briggs M, Petersen K, Kris-Etherton P, 2017. Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Replacements for Saturated Fat to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. Healthcare 5:29.
Broughton RE, Reneau PC, 2006. Spatial Covariation of Mutation and Nonsynonymous Substitution Rates in Vertebrate Mitochondrial Genomes. Mol Biol Evol 23:1516–24.
Ceruso M, Mascolo C, Anastasio A, Pepe T, Sordino P, 2019. Frauds and fish species authentication: Study of the complete mitochondrial genome of some Sparidae to provide specific barcode markers. Food Control 103:36–47.
Ceruso M, Mascolo C, De Luca P, Venuti I, Smaldone G, Biffali E, Anastasio A, Pepe T, Sordino P, 2020. A rapid method for the identification of fresh and processed pagellus erythrinus species against frauds. Foods 9:1397.
CREA Centro di ricerca Alimenti e Nutrizione, 2016. Tabelle di composizione degli alimenti. Available online: https://www.alimentinutrizione.it/tabelle-nutrizionali/121410.
EFSA, 2010. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. EFSA Journal 8:1461.
EUMOFA, 2020. The EU Fish Market 2020. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Eurofish International Organisation. Rome, IT. Available online: https://www.eurofish.dk/italy.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2011. Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, amending Regulations (EC) No 1924/2006 and (EC) No 1925/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Commission Directive 87/250/EEC, Council Directive 90/496/EEC, Commission Directive 1999/10/EC, Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Directives 2002/67/EC and 2008/5/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 608/2004. In: Official Journal, L 304/18, 22/11/2011.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2013. Regulation (EU) No 1379/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 on the common organisation of the markets in fishery and aquaculture products, amending Council Regulations (EC) No 1184/2006 and (EC) No 1224/2009 and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 104/2000. In: Official Journal, L 354/1, 28/12/2013.
FAO, 2018. Review of the state of the world fishery resources: inland fisheries. Rome, IT. Available online: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0388en/CA0388EN.pdf.
FAO, 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Rome, IT. Available online: https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en.
Fernandes CE, Vasconcelos MADS, De Almeida Ribeiro M, Sarubbo LA, Andrade SAC, Filho ABDM, 2014. Nutritional and lipid profiles in marine fish species from Brazil. Food Chem 160:67–71.
Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R, 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial
cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Marine Biol Biotechnol 3:294-9.
Garaffo MA, Vassallo-Agius R, Nengas Y, Lembo E, Rando R, Maisano R, Dugo G, Giuffrida D, 2011. Fatty Acids Profile, Atherogenic (IA) and Thrombogenic (IT) Health Lipid Indices, of Raw Roe of Blue Fin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) and Their Salted Product "Bottarga". Food Nutr Sci 02:736–43.
Giusti A, Tinacci L, Sotelo CG, Marchetti M, Guidi A, Zheng W, Armani A, 2017. Seafood Identification in Multispecies Products: Assessment of 16SrRNA, cytb, and COI Universal Primers' Efficiency as a Preliminary Analytical Step for Setting up Metabarcoding Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques. J Agric Food Chem 65:2902-12.
Guardone L, Tinacci L, Costanzo F, Azzarelli D, D'Amico P, Tasselli G, Magni A, Guidi A, Nucera D, Armani A, 2017. DNA barcoding as a tool for detecting mislabeling of fishery products imported from third countries: An official survey conducted at the Border Inspection Post of Livorno-Pisa (Italy). Food Control 80:204–16.
Handy SM, Deeds JR, Ivanova NV, Hebert PD, Hanner RH, Ormos A, Weigt LA, Moore MM, Yancy HF, 2011. A single-laboratory validated method for the generation of DNA barcodes for the identification of fish for regulatory compliance. J AOAC Int 94:201-10.
Hebert PD, Ratnasingham S, de Waard JR, 2003. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proc Biol Sci 270:S96–9.
Hubert N, Hanner R, Holm E, Mandrak NE, Taylor E, Burridge M, Watkinson D, Dumont P, Curry A, Bentzen P, Zhang J, April J, Bernatchez L, 2008. Identifying Canadian freshwater fishes through DNA barcodes. PLoS One 3:e2490.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K, 2018. MEGA X : Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547–9.
Lakra WS, Singh M, Goswami M, Gopalakrishnan A, Lal KK, Mohindra V, Sarkar UK, Punia PP, Singh K V., Bhatt JP, Ayyappan S, 2016. DNA barcoding Indian freshwater fishes. Mitochondrial DNA Part A DNA Mapping Seq Anal 27:4510–7.
Linhartová Z, Krejsa J, Zajíc T, Másílko J, Sampels S, Mráz J, 2018. Proximate and fatty acid composition of 13 important freshwater fish species in central Europe. Aquac Int 26:695–711.
Luczynska J, Paszczyk B, Luczynski MJ, 2014. Fatty acid profiles in marine and freshwater fish from fish markets in northeastern Poland. Arch. Polish Fish. 22:181–8.
Mascolo C, Ceruso M, Sordino P, Palma G, Anastasio A, Pepe T, 2019. Comparison of mitochondrial DNA enrichment and sequencing methods from fish tissue. Food Chem 294:333–8.
Mikkelsen PM, Bieler R, Kappner I, Rawlings TA, 2006. Phylogeny of Veneroidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) based on morphology and molecules. Zool J Linn Soc 148:439–521.
Minegishi Y, Aoyama J, Inoue JG, Miya M, Nishida M, Tsukamoto K, 2005. Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the freshwater eels genus Anguilla based on the whole mitochondrial genome sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 34:134–46.
MIPAAF, BMTI S.c.p.A., 2020. Annuario sul mercato ittico 2019. Rome, IT. Available online: https://www.bmti.it/.
Özogul Y, Özogul F, Alagoz S, 2007. Fatty acid profiles and fat contents of commercially important seawater and freshwater fish species of Turkey: A comparative study. Food Chem 103:217–23.
Reilly A, 2018. Overview of food fraud in the fisheries sector. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1165. Rome, IT. Available online: http://www.fao.org/3/I8791EN/i8791en.pdf.
Saitoh K, Sado T, Mayden RL, Hanzawa N, Nakamura K, Nishida M, Miya M, 2006. Mitogenomic evolution and interrelationships of the cypriniformes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi): The first evidence toward resolution of higher-level relationships of the world's largest freshwater fish clade based on 59 whole mitogenome sequences. J Mol Evol 63:826–41.
Ulbricht TL, Southgate DA, 1991. Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. Lancet 338:985-92.
Wang J, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhou M, Wang X, 2017. Comparative mitogenomic analysis of mirid bugs (Hemiptera : Miridae) and evaluation of potential DNA barcoding markers. PeerJ 5:e3661.
Ward RD, Zemlak TS, Innes BH, Last PR, Hebert PDN, 2005. DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 360:1847–57.
Watts JL, Browse J, 2002. Genetic dissection of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:5854–9.
How to Cite
1.
Venuti I, Ceruso M, Palma G, Smaldone G, Pepe T. DNA barcoding and nutritional analysis as a tool for promoting the market of inland fish species. Ital J Food Safety [Internet]. 2021 Oct. 4 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];10(3). Available from: https://www.pagepressjournals.org/ijfs/article/view/9565
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