https://doi.org/10.4081/qrmh.2024.12318
Does the decision to disclose non-suicidal self-injury align with decision-making frameworks of personal information disclosure? A directed content analysis
Submitted: 29 January 2024
Accepted: 2 July 2024
Published: 9 September 2024
Accepted: 2 July 2024
Abstract Views: 876
PDF: 134
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate damage caused to one’s own body tissue, without the intent to die. Voluntary disclosure of one’s NSSI can catalyze help-seeking and provision of support, although what informs the decision to disclose NSSI is not yet well understood. There is currently no existing framework specific to the process of NSSI disclosure, and the aim of this study was to assess the fit between factors involved in the decision to disclose NSSI and two broader frameworks of disclosure: the Disclosure Decision-Making and Disclosure Processes models. A directed content analysis was used to code interview transcripts from 15 participants, all of whom were university students aged between 18 and 25 (M = 20.33, SD = 1.88), with 11 identifying as female. All participants had lived experience of NSSI which they had previously disclosed to at least one other person. All codes within the coding matrix, which were informed by the disclosure models, were identified as being present in the data. Of the 229 units of data, 95.63% were captured in the existing frameworks with only 10 instances being unique to NSSI disclosure. Though factors that inform the decision to disclose NSSI largely align with the aforementioned models of disclosure, there are aspects of disclosure decision-making that may be specific to NSSI.
Barth, S. E., & Wessel, J. L. (2022). Mental illness disclosure in organizations: Defining and predicting (un)supportive responses. Journal of Business and Psychology, 37(2), 407–428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09753-4
Campbell, J. L., Quincy, C., Osserman, J., & Pedersen, O. K. (2013). Coding in-depth semistructured interviews: Problems of unitization and intercoder reliability and agreement. Sociological Methods & Research, 42(3), 294-320.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124113500475
Chaudoir, S. R., & Fisher, J. D. (2010). The disclosure processes model: Understanding disclosure decision making and postdisclosure outcomes among people living with a concealable stigmatized identity. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 236-256.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018193
Deng, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Yan, J., Zhuang, Y., Liu, H., Li, J., Xue, X., & Wang, C. (2023). The pooled prevalence and influential factors of non-suicidal self-injury in non-clinical samples during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 343, 109–118.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.036
Earnshaw, V. A., Bergman, B. G., & Kelly, J. F. (2019). Whether, when, and to whom?: An investigation of comfort with disclosing alcohol and other drug histories in a nationally representative sample of recovering persons. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 101, 29–37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.03.005
Elo, S., & Kyngas, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107-115.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
Fox, K. R., Bettis, A. H., Burke, T. A., Hart, E. A., & Wang, S. B. (2022). Exploring adolescent experiences with disclosing self-injurious thoughts and behaviors across settings. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50, 669-681.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00878-x
Fox, K. R., Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Kleiman, E. M., Bentley, K. H., & Nock, M. K. (2015). Meta-analysis of risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 156-167.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.09.002
Gray, N., Uren, H., Staniland, L., & Boyes, E. (2023). Why am I doing this? Ambivalence in the context of non-suicidal self-injury. Deviant Behavior, 44(11), 1682-1700,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2023.2228451
Greene, K. (2009). An integrated model of health disclosure decision-making. Routledge.
Gwet, K.L. (2014). Handbook of inter-rater reliability (4th Ed.). Advanced Analytics
Hasking, P., Lewis, S., & Tonta, K. (2023). A person-centred conceptualisation of non-suicidal self-injury recovery: A practical guide. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 1-22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2023.2225045
Hsieh, F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research,15(9), 1277-1288.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
International Society for the Study of Self-Injury. (2020). What is self-injury? Available from: https://itriples.org/category/about-self-injury/
Kiekens, G., Hasking, P., Boyes, M., Claes, L., Mortier, P., Auerbach, R., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J., Kessler, R., Myin-Germeys, I., Nock, M., & Bruffaerts, R. (2018). The associations between non-suicidal self-injury and first onset suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Journal of Affective Disorders, 239, 171-179.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.033
Lewis, S. P., & Hasking, P. A. (2023). Understanding self-injury: A person-centered approach. Oxford University Press
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197545065.001.0001
Lewis, S. P., Heath, N. L., Sornberger, M. J., & Arbuthnott, A. E. (2012). Helpful or harmful? An examination of viewers' responses to nonsuicidal self-injury videos on YouTube. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(4), 380-385.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.01.013
Lewis, S. P., & Seko, Y. (2016). A double-edged sword: A review of benefits and risks of online nonsuicidal self-injury activities. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(3), 249-262.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22242
Liu, R. T., Sheehan, A. E., L. Walsh, R. F., Sanzari, C. M., Cheek, S. M., & Hernandez, E. M. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of non-suicidal self-injury among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 74, 1-17.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101783
Mirichlis, S., Boyes, M., Hasking, P., & Lewis, S. P. (2023). What is important to the decision to disclose nonsuicidal self-injury in formal and social contexts? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 79(8), 1816-1825.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23503
Mirichlis, S., Hasking, P., Lewis, S. P. and Boyes, M. E. (2022). Correlates of disclosure of non-suicidal self-injury amongst Australian university students. Journal of Public Mental Health, 21(1), 70-81.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMH-07-2021-0089
O’Connor, C., & Joffe, H. (2020). Intercoder reliability in qualitative research: Debates and practical guidelines. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19. 1-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919899220
Park, Y., Mahdy, J. C., & Ammerman, B. A. (2020). How others respond to non-suicidal self-injury disclosure: A systematic review. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 31(1), 107-119.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2478
Pugh, R. L., McLachlan, K. & Lewis, S. P. (2023). Understanding the impact of involuntary discoveries of nonsuicidal self-injury: a thematic analysis, Counselling Psychology Quarterly, Advanced Online Publication, 1-22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2023.2297883
Rosenrot, S. A., & Lewis, S. P. (2020). Barriers and responses to the disclosure of non-suicidal self-injury: A thematic analysis. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 33 (2), 121-141.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2018.1489220
Simone, A. C., & Hamza, C. A. (2020). Examining the disclosure of nonsuicidal self-injury to informal and formal sources: A review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 82, 1-15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101907
Staniland, L., Hasking, P., Boyes, M., & Lewis, S. (2021). Stigma and nonsuicidal self-injury: Application of a conceptual framework. Stigma and Health, 6(3), 312–323.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000257
Staniland, l., Hasking, P., Lewis, S. P., Boyes, M., & Mirichlis, S. (2022). Crazy, weak, and incompetent: A directed content analysis of self-injury stigma experiences. Deviant Behavior, 44(2), 278-295.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2022.2038022
Stratton, E., Choi, I., Calvo, R., Hickie, I., Henderson, C., Harvey, S. B., & Glozier, N. (2019). Web-based decision aid tool for disclosure of a mental health condition in the workplace: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 76(9), 595-602.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-105726
Swannell, S. V., Martin, G. E., Page, A., Hasking, P., & St John, N. J. (2014). Prevalence of nonsuicidal self‐injury in nonclinical samples: Systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 44(3), 273-303.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12070
Taylor, P. J., Jomar, K., Dhingra, K., Forrester, R., Shahmalak, U., & Dickson, J. M. (2018). A meta-analysis of the prevalence of different functions of non-suicidal self-injury. Journal of Affective Disorders, 227, 759-769.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.073
How to Cite
Mirichlis, Sylvanna, Penelope Hasking, Mark Boyes, Stephen P. Lewis, and Kassandra Hon. 2024. “Does the Decision to Disclose Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Align With Decision-Making Frameworks of Personal Information Disclosure? A Directed Content Analysis”. Qualitative Research in Medicine and Healthcare 8 (s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/qrmh.2024.12318.
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Lindsay A. Taliaferro, Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp, Dahlia Wrubluski, Karli Reeves, Sarah A. Job, Robert D. Dvorak, Eric W. Schrimshaw, “I have some people who actually really care:” Young sexual minority women’s lived experiences of non-suicidal self-injury disclosure , Qualitative Research in Medicine and Healthcare: Vol. 8 No. s1 (2024): Lived Experience Views of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.