Parasites (protozoa and helminths) localized to the central nervous system
Published: 29 March 2024
Abstract Views: 644
PDF: 172
HTML: 13
HTML: 13
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Member of the Study Committee for Parasitology (CoSP), Milano, Italy.
Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa; President of the Italian Society of Parasitology (SoIPa), Roma, Italy.
Freelancer in Parasitology and Medical Microbiology, Perugia, Italy.
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy.
Coordinator of the Study Committee for Parasitology (CoSP), Milano, Italy.
Parasitoses that are localized to the central nervous system (CNS) can cause symptomatic diseases or progress asymptomatically [g1] [AR2]. Any parasites that affect humans could involve the CNS; however, the most common parasitic infection of the CNS is cerebral malaria, followed by neurocysticercosis. Other relatively frequent infections are toxoplasmosis, cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and schistosomiasis [g4] [AR5].
Bondarenko AV, Katsapov AD, Gavrylov AV, et al. Immunodiagnostic of cerebral toxoplasmosis depending on permeability of blood brain barrier. A Wiad Lek. 2020;73:285-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek202002114
Brunetti E, Kern P, Vuitton DA; Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop 2010;114:1.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.11.001
Bruschi F., Dupouy-Camet J. Trichinellosis. 2022 In: Bruschi F. (Ed.), Helminth infections and their impact on Global Public Health. Second Edition. Springer-Nature; Cham, Switzerland.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00303-5
Carpio A, Romod ML, Parkhousef RME, et al. Parasitic diseases of the central nervous system: lessons for clinicians and policy makers. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2016;16:401-14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2016.1155454
Casulli A. Recognising the substantial burden of neglected pandemics cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. Lancet Glob Health 2020;8:e470-1.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30066-8
Casulli A. Primary cerebral cystic echinococcosis in a child from Roman countryside: source attribution and scoping review of cases from the literature. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2023. Epub: https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011612
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011612
Casulli A, Abela-Ridder B, Petrone D, et al. Unveiling the incidences and trends of the neglected zoonosis cystic echinococcosis in Europe: a systematic review from the MEmE project. Lancet Infect Dis 2023;23:e95-107.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00638-7
Decembrino N, Comelli A, Genco F, et al. Toxoplasmosis diseases in paediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation do not forget it still exists. Bone Marrow Transplant Sep; 2017;52:1326-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2017.117
Del Brutto OH, Nash TE, White AC Jr, et al. Parasitic diseases of the central nervous system: lessons for clinicians and policy makers Revised diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis. J Neurol Sci 2017;372:202-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.045
Elsheikha HM, Marra MC, Xhing-Quan Z. Epidemiology, pathofisiology, diagnosis and management of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021;34:115-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00115-19
Garcia HH. Parasitic Infections of the Nervous System. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021;27:943-62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000986
Garcia HH, Nath A, Del Brutto OH. Parasitic Infections of the Nervous System. Semin Neurol 2019;39:358-68.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693036
Manzano-Román R, Sánchez-Ovejero C, Hernández-González A, et al. Serological Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Human Cystic Echinococcosis: A New Hope for the Future? Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:428205.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/428205
Marra MC. The neurology of HIV infection. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 152. Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2018.
Qvarnstrom Y, Visvesvara GS, Sriram R. Multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Naegleria fowleri. A J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:3589-95.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00875-06
Robert MG, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Garnaud C, et al. Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: recent advances and a look to the future. 2021 Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021;19:1529-42.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1941867
Siles-Lucas M, Casulli A, Conraths FJ, Müller N. Laboratory Diagnosis of Echinococcus spp. in Human Patients and Infected Animals. Adv Parasitol 2017;96:159-257.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.09.003
Stojkovic M, Junghanss T. Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. Handb Clin Neurol 2013;114:327-34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53490-3.00026-1
White AC Jr, Coyle CM, Rajshekhar V, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis: 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). Clin Infect Dis 2018;66:1159-63.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy157
Yang E, Jonathan L, Patel V. Diagnosis and management of cerebral sparganosis: An uncommon parasitic infection of the brain. Radiol Case Rep 2022;17:1874-80.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2022.02.084
How to Cite
Menegotto, N., Bruschi, F., Crotti, D., Meroni, V., & Raglio, A. (2024). Parasites (protozoa and helminths) localized to the central nervous system . Microbiologia Medica, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/mm.2024.12471
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.