Amino acid composition and protein quality of Tepary bean grains (Phaseolus acutifolius L.) as affected by sowing date and planting pattern under semi-arid condition

Planting pattern and sowing date are the eminent factors affecting plant growth and development. The two-year experiment under field conditions was conducted as split plot design in three replications during 2017 and 2018. The main plot was planting pattern in two levels (PP1: one-row, and PP2: two-row plantation pattern) and subplot was sowing date in three levels (SD1: June 15, SD2: June 30 and SD3: July 15). The results revealed that the biological yield in SD2 had significant increase by 14% and 6% in comparison to SD1 and SD3 under two-row plantation pattern in the first year respectively. In PP2, the seed yield was improved by 19% and 15% compared to SD1 and SD3 at SD2 in 2017. Carbohydrate content varied in the two years. In mono row plantation method, the grain carbohydrate content was higher in SD1 significantly. In bean plants under PP2, protein content on SD2 increased by 13% compared to SD3 in the second year of experiments. The greatest amount of essential amino acids was found in leucine followed by lysine, arginine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, histidine, and threonine. We found that the concentration of essential amino acid in tepary bean grains was significantly changed by sowing date. We suggest that in tepary bean cultivation the use of plantation pattern is very effectiveness and two-row plantation pattern was the most important when the sown date delayed by late of June under same experimental environment.