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Unveiling the muco-microbiotic layer: a three-component framework for mucosal health and disease

Authors

We wish to bring attention to the critical role of the muco-microbiotic layer, a dynamic and integrated system located at mucosal surfaces. This layer represents a cornerstone of host-microbe interactions, composed of three key components: the mucus, the microbiota, and extracellular nanovesicles (commonly referred to as exosomes).

Fucarino A, Burgio S, Paladino L, et al. The Microbiota is not an organ: Introducing the muco-microbiotic layer as a novel morphofunctional structure. Anatomia 2022;1:186-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/anatomia1020019
Cappello F, Saguto D, Burgio S, et al. Does intestine morphology still have secrets to reveal? A proposal about the “ghost” layer of the bowel. Appl Biosci 2022;1:95-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci1010006
Paladino L, Rappa F, Barone R, et al. NF-kB regulation and the chaperone system mediate restorative effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum LF31 in the small intestine and cerebellum of mice with ethanol-induced damage. Biology (Basel) 2023;12:1394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12111394
Cappello F, Rappa F, Canepa F, et al. Probiotics can cure oral aphthous-like ulcers in inflammatory bowel disease patients: A review of the literature and a working hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:5026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205026

How to Cite

Cappello, F., & Gratie, M. I. (2025). Unveiling the muco-microbiotic layer: a three-component framework for mucosal health and disease. Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino Della Società Italiana Di Biologia Sperimentale. https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2025.13533

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