https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10572

Potential effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on reducing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis due to SARS-COV2

Vol. 95 No. 2 (2022)
Submitted: April 23, 2022
Accepted: December 4, 2022
Published: December 19, 2022
HSYA, inflammation, fibrotic lung, cytokine storm, COVID-19
Abstract Views: 869
PDF: 302
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Ami Febriza
amifebriza@med.unismuh.ac.id
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-1727
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia.
Vivien Novarina Kasim
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia.

Cytokine storm is a condition that is characterized by a massive production of proinflammatory cytokines. Failure in balancing the up-regulation and down-regulation causes excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines in the fight against SARS-CoV2 virus infection, leading to lung damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome; in addition, high levels of IL-6 can activate the clotting pathways and vascular endothelial cells, which can inhibit blood circulation and heart muscle function and cause pulmonary, kidney, and liver fibrosis. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A (HSYA) is a compound that has been shown to reduce tissue lung damage through Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4, inhibits phosphorylation of the NF-κB pathway, and plays a role in balancing the up-regulation and down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines. This review of literature discusses the ability of HSYA to reduce inflammation that causes pulmonary cell and tissue damage. HSYA can inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and suppress the binding of the TGF-β1 promoter. This molecular mechanism can reduce lung damage by attenuating the inflammatory response by inhibiting the TLR 4-dependent pathways that can improve the condition of mice affected by pulmonary fibrosis, including inflammation that leads to vascular tissue repair. The molecular mechanism of HSYA can inhibit inflammatory mechanisms in lung injury, vascular tissue damage, and liver and kidney fibrosis. Therefore, this literature review can be used as a reference for in vivo research and clinical trials for further research on the ability to heal patients with cytokine storm that causes cardiovascular tissue damage and lung injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-19.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Datta C, Bhattacharjee A. Cytokine storm and its implication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Immunol Sci 2020;4:4–21.
Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 2017;39:529–39.
Han D, Wei J, Zhang R, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in hyperlipidemic animals through the suppression of TLR4 signaling. Sci Rep 2016;6:35319.
Zhang T, Wu Q, Zhang Z. Probable pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. Curr Biol 2020;30:1346-51.
Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1708–20.
Diorio C, Shaw PA, Pequignot E, et al. Diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate sepsis from cytokine release syndrome in critically ill children. Blood Adv 2020;4:5174–83.
Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the 'cytokine storm' in COVID-19. J Infect 2020;80:607–13.
Hadjadj J, Yatim N, Barnabei L, et al. Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients. Science 2020;369:718–24.
Blanco-Melo D, Nilsson-Payant BE, Liu WC, et al. Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19. Cell 2020;181:1036-45.
Hirano T, Murakami M. COVID-19: A new virus, but a familiar receptor and cytokine release syndrome. Immunity 2020;19;52:731–3.
Gallenga CE, Pandolfi F, Caraffa Al, et al. Interleukin-1 family cytokines and mast cells: activation and inhibition. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2019;33:1-6.
Jackson DJ, Makrinioti H, Rana BMJ, et al. IL-33-dependent type 2 inflammation during rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations in vivo. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190:1373–82.
Murdaca G, Greco M, Tonacci A, et al. IL-33/IL-31 axis in immune-mediated and allergic diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:5856.
Jiang S, Shi Z, Li C, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury by suppressing macrophage activation. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7:2595–608.
Ao H, Feng W, Peng C. Hydroxysafflor yellow A: a promising therapeutic agent for a broad spectrum of diseases. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018;2018:8259280.
Wang C, Huang Q, Wang C, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A suppresses oleic acid-induced acute lung injury via protein kinase A. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013;272:895–904.
Feng Z, He J, Jiang J, et al. NMR solution structure study of the representative component hydroxysafflor yellow A and other quinochalcone C-glycosides from Carthamus tinctorius. J Nat Prod 2013;76:270–4.
Meselhy MR, Kadota S, Momose Y, et al. Two new quinochalcone yellow pigments from Carthamus tinctorius and Ca2+ antagonistic activity of tinctormine. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1993;41:1796–802.
Suzuki T, Ishida M, Kumazawa T, Sato S. Oxidation of 3,5-di-C-(per-O-acetylglucopyranosyl)phloroacetophenone in thesynthesis of hydroxysafflor yellow A. Carbohydr Res 2017;448:52–6.
Haiyan C, Xiude Q, Chen L, et al. Establishment of fluorescence sensitization method for hydroxysafflor yellow A. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020;2020:3027843.
Zhang N, Xing M, Wang Y, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A improves learning and memory in a rat model of vascular dementia by increasing VEGF and NR1 in the hippocampus. Neurosci Bull 2014;30:417–24.
Gong Z, Pan J, Li X, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A reprograms TLR9 signalling pathway in ischaemic cortex after cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2018;17:370-82.
Lei H, Ren R, Sun Y, et al. Neuroprotective effects of safflower flavonoid extract in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced model of parkinson’s disease may be related to its anti-inflammatory action. Molecules 2020;25:5206.
Wang Y, Zhang C, Peng W, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A exerts antioxidant effects in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Mol Med Rep 2016;14:3690–6.
He Y, Liu Q, Li Y, et al. Protective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on alcohol-induced liver injuryin rats. J Physiol Biochem 2015;71:69–78.
Wu Y, Wang L, Jin M, Zang B. Hydroxysafflor yellow A alleviates early inflammatory response of bleomycin-induced mice lung injury. Biol Pharm Bull 2012;35:515–22.
Jin M, Wang L, Wu Y, et al. Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on bleomycin- induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in rats. Chin J Integr Med 2018;24:32–9.
Ferri C, Giuggioli D, Raimondo V, et al. COVID-19 and rheumatic autoimmune systemic diseases: report of a large Italian patients series. Clin Rheumatol 2020;39:3195–204.
Ferri C, Raimondo V, Gragnani L, et al. POS1267. Long-term survey study of the impact of COVID-19 on systemic autoimmune diseases. Low death rate despite the increased prevalence of symptomatic infection. Role of pre-existing interstitial lung disease and ongoing treatments. Ann Rheum Dis 2022;81:970 –1.
Xu X, Guo Y, Zhao J, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via binding to xanthine oxidase in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2016;2016:8172706.
Zou J, Wang N, Liu M, et al. Nucleolin mediated pro-angiogenic role of hydroxysafflor yellow A in ischaemic cardiac dysfunction: Post-transcriptional regulation of VEGF-A and MMP-9. J Cell Mol Med 2018;22:2692–705.
Hu T, Wei G, Xi M, et al. [Corrigendum] Synergistic cardioprotective effects of Danshensu and hydroxysafflor yellow A against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury are mediated through the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021;48:212.
Liu YN, Zhou ZM, Chen P. Evidence that hydroxysafflor yellow A protects the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008;35:211-6.
Song X, Su L, Wei H, et al. Protective effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A against oxidative damage of β-mercaptoethanol during neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Chinese Herb Med 2017;9:282–8.
Wang CY, Liu Q, Huang QX, et al. Activation of PPARγ is required for hydroxysafflor yellow A of Carthamus tinctorius to attenuate hepatic fibrosis induced by oxidative stress. Phytomedicine 2013;20:592–9.
Li Y, Wu Y, Guan Y, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by blocking NFκB/p65 pathway and disrupting mitochondrial transmembrane potential. RSC Adv 2014;4:47576–86.
Liu L, Si N, Ma Y, et al. Hydroxysafflor-yellow A induces human gastric carcinoma bgc-823 cell apoptosis by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Med Sci Monit 2018;24:803–11.
Pan Y, Zheng DY, Liu SM, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates lymphostatic encephalopathy-induced brain injury in rats. Phyther Res 2012;26:1500–6.
Pei J, Fan L, Nan K, et al. HSYA alleviates secondary neuronal death through attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and neural apoptosis in SD rat spinal cord compression injury. J Neuroinflammation 2017;14:97.
Piao HM, Xue QF, Jiang JZ, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates allergic airway inflammation by suppressing the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016;9:21595–604.
Liu S, Wang Y, Wen H, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits TNF-α-induced inflammation of human fetal lung fibroblasts via NF-κB signaling pathway. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med 2019;2019:4050327.
Pan R, Zhang Y, Zheng M, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A suppresses MRC-5 cell activation induced by TGF-β1 by blocking TGF-β1 binding to TβRII. Front Pharmacol 2017;8:264.
Xu Y, Lee J, Park YD, et al. Molecular dynamics simulation integrating the inhibition kinetics of hydroxysafflor yellow A on α-glucosidase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018;36:830–40.
Zhu H, Wang L, Wang X, et al. Hormone-sensitive lipase is involved in the action of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) inhibiting adipogenesis of 3T3-L1cells. Fitoterapia 2014;93:182–8.
Liu YL, Liu YJ, Liu Y, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice via modulating toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2014;23:649–57.
Zheng M, Guo X, Pan R, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A alleviates ovalbumin-induced asthma in a guinea pig model by attenuateing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and signal transduction. Front Pharmacol 2019;10:328.
Gilmore TD. Introduction to NF-κB: players, pathways, perspectives. Oncogene 2006;25:6680–4.
Barnes PJ, Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappaB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1066–71.
Takishima T. Basic and clinical aspects of pulmonary fibrosis. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1994.
Borthwick LA. The IL-1 cytokine family and its role in inflammation and fibrosis in the lung. Semin Immunopathol 2016;38:517–34.
Song L, Zhu Y, Jin M, Zang B. Hydroxysafflor yellow a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory signal transduction in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Fitoterapia 2013;84:107–14.
Hasan M, Paul NC, Paul SK, et al. Natural product-based potential therapeutic interventions of pulmonary fibrosis. Molecules 2022;27:1481.
Jin M, Wu Y, Wang L, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Phytother Res 2016;30:577–87.
Toldo S, Mauro AG, Cutter Z, et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, OLT1177 (dapansutrile), reduces infarct size and preserves contractile function after ischemia reperfusion injury in the mouse. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019;73:215–22.
Ye J, Lu S, Wang M, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome and activating autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2020;11:1170.
Yuan W, Yang D, Sun X, et al. Effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on proliferation and collagen synthesis of rat vascular adventitial fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7:5772–81.
Yang F, Li J, Zhu J, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma via blocking ERK/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015;754:105–14.
Wang J, Zhang Q, Mei X, Zhang X. Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates left ventricular remodeling after pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Pharm Biol 2014;52:31–5.
Zhai Y, Petrowsky H, Hong JC, et al. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplantation--from bench to bedside. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;10:79–89.
Liu Y. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2011;7:684–96.
Böttinger EP. TGF-beta in renal injury and disease. Semin Nephrol 2007;27:309–20.
Hu N, Duan J, Li H, et al. Hydroxysafflor yellow A ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2016;11:e0153409.
Shen WX, Luo RC, Wang JQ, Chen ZS. Features of cytokine storm identified by distinguishing clinical manifestations in COVID-19. Front Public Heal 2021;9:671788.

How to Cite

Febriza, A., & Kasim, V. N. (2022). Potential effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on reducing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis due to SARS-COV2. Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino Della Società Italiana Di Biologia Sperimentale, 95(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2022.10572
Copyright (c) 2022 the Autors Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.