https://doi.org/10.4081/vl.2023.11892
Neurosurgical implications of the Jugular Vein Nutcracker
Submitted: 29 September 2023
Accepted: 10 October 2023
Published: 10 October 2023
Accepted: 10 October 2023
Abstract Views: 866
PDF: 85
HTML: 203
HTML: 203
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
In the last ten years, a new variant of Eagle Syndrome is emerging and being described: Styloid Jugular Nutcracker (SJN). In SJN, an elongated or vertically directed styloid process causes jugular vein stenosis by compressing the vein against the arch of C1. The clinical consequences appear to be various and misunderstood, ascribable mainly to venous flow impairment and consequent intracranial hypertension. The aim of this paper is to create an overview of Jugular Vein Nutcracker and to focus on its neurosurgical implications. A PRISMA-based literature search was performed to select the most relevant papers on the topic and to realize a mini-review. Future searches in the neurosurgical field should focus on collecting data about further causes of jugular stenosis compression and the association of SJN with cerebrovascular diseases. It would also be interesting to investigate the potential role of primary and secondary prevention, which is unknown so far.
Gisolf J, van Lieshout JJ, van Heusden K, et al. Human cerebral venous outflow pathway depends on posture and central venous pressure. J Physiol. 2004;560:317-27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2004.070409
Mohammed NY, Domenico GD, Gambaccini M. Cerebral venous drainage through internal jugular vein. Veins and Lymphatics. 2019;8:8379.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/vl.2019.8379
Mantovani G, Scerrati A, Scerrati A. The Cerebral Venous System: New Pathophysiological Theories and Diseases Related to Veins Occlusion. In: Cerebral Circulation - Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/80949
De Simone R, Ranieri A, Bonavita V. Starling resistors, autoregulation of cerebral perfusion and the pathogenesis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Panminerva Med. 2017;59:76-89.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0031-0808.16.03248-1
Wellcome Collection [Internet].. Studies in intracranial physiology & surgery: the third circulation, the hypophysis, the gliomas / by Harvey Cushing. Available from: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/j9mbyy5z
Zamboni P. Chapter 29 - The Contribution of Extra Cranial Venous Drainage to Neuro-Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. In: Neuroinflammation (Second Edition). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128117095000363
Observations on the Structure and Functions of the Nervous System, Illustrated with Tables. Lond Med J. 1783;4:113-35.
De Bonis P, Anile C. Storms, hanged pirates, anemia, exsanguination: the contributions of Monro, Kellie and Abercrombie in understanding intracranial blood circulation. Veins and Lymphatics 2014;3:4682.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/vl.2014.4682
Fusco DJ, Asteraki S, Spetzler RF. Eagle’s syndrome: embryology, anatomy, and clinical management. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012;154:1119-26.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-012-1385-2
Eagle WW. Elongated styloid process; further observations and a new syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol (1925). 1948;47(5):630-40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1948.00690030654006
Zamboni P, Scerrati A, Menegatti E, et al. The eagle jugular syndrome. BMC Neurol. 2019;19:333.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1572-3
Mantovani G, Zangrossi P, Flacco ME, et al. Styloid Jugular Nutcracker: The Possible Role of the Styloid Process Spatial Orientation-A Preliminary Morphometric Computed Study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13:298.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020298
Shayganfar A, Golbidi D, Yahay M, et al. Radiological Evaluation of the Styloid Process Length Using 64-row Multidetector Computed Tomography Scan. Adv Biomed Res. 2018;7:85.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.233479
Cronin CG, Lohan DG, Mhuircheartigh JN, et al. CT evaluation of Chamberlain’s, McGregor’s, and McRae’s skull-base lines. Clin Radiol. 2009;64:64-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2008.03.012
Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis | Stroke. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STR.0b013e31820a8364
Rigi M, Almarzouqi SJ, Morgan ML, Lee AG. Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management. Eye Brain. 2015;7:47-57.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/EB.S69174
Xiong L, Wang Z. Intracranial hypertension due to bilateral internal jugular venous occlusion in eagle syndrome: a case report. Heliyon. 2023;9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16188
Dashti SR, Nakaji P, Hu YC, et al. Styloidogenic jugular venous compression syndrome: diagnosis and treatment: case report. Neurosurgery. 2012;70:E795-799.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182333859
Zhao X, Cavallo C, Hlubek RJ, et al. Styloidogenic Jugular Venous Compression Syndrome: Clinical Features and Case Series. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;17:554-61.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz012
Mejia-Vergara AJ, Sultan W, Kostas A, et al. Styloidogenic Jugular Venous Compression Syndrome with Papilloedema: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Neuroophthalmology. 2022;46:54-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2021.1887288
Werheim E, Sokol Z, Brown D, Oselkin M. Eagle syndrome causing cerebral sinus hypertension: Case report. Radiol Case Rep. 2023;18:2758-62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2023.05.023
Zhang FL, Zhou HW, Guo ZN, Yang Y. Eagle Syndrome as a Cause of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Can J Neurol Sci. 2019;46:344-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.17
Scerrati A, De Bonis P, Zamboni P, et al. A New Insight in Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Potential Role of the Internal Jugular Veins. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2022;83:344-50.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733895
Hardin JS, Ramakrishnaiah RH, Pemberton JD, et al. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Progressing to Venous Sinus Thrombosis, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, and Stroke. J Neuroophthalmol. 2018;38:60-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/WNO.0000000000000540
Fu FW, Rao J, Zheng YY, et al. Perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by transverse sinus thrombosis: A case report and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:e7374.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000007374
De Bonis P, Menegatti E, Cavallo MA, et al. JEDI (jugular entrapment, dilated ventricles, intracranial hypertension) syndrome: a new clinical entity? A case report. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2019;161:1367-70.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-019-03908-2
Nonaka T, Sakata K, Abe T, et al. The eagle jugular syndrome as the cause of delayed intracranial hemorrhage after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: A case report. Surg Neurol Int. 2021;12:584.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25259/SNI_808_2021
Nastro Siniscalchi E, Raffa G, Germanò A, De Ponte FS. Is Eagle Jugular Syndrome an Underestimated Potentially Life-Threatening Disease? Can J Neurol Sci. 2020;47:581-2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.48
Martinelli I. Unusual forms of venous thrombosis and thrombophilia. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2002;32:343-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000073595
How to Cite
Angelini, C., Mantovani, G., Cavallo, M. A., Scerrati, A., & De Bonis, P. (2023). Neurosurgical implications of the Jugular Vein Nutcracker. Veins and Lymphatics, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/vl.2023.11892
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Chiara Angelini, Giorgio Mantovani, Alba Scerrati, Response to: Is there any clinical reason to administer anticoagulant therapy to patients with the Jugular Vein Nutcracker Syndrome? , Veins and Lymphatics: Vol. 12 (2023)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
