https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2023.11172

The three month's dietary brown rice intervention has not significantly decreased levels of CRP, TNF- α, and IL6 of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Vol. 11 No. s1 (2023): 2nd International Nursing and Health Sciences Symposium
Published: 9 February 2023
Brown rice, type 2 diabetes mellitus, TNF-α, CRP; IL-6
Abstract Views: 809
PDF: 276
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Fajar Ari Nugroho
fajar_arinugroho.fk@ub.ac.id
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Inggita Kusumastuty
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Anggun Rindang Cempaka
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Atifa Nafia Hasantie Latif
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Dian Handayani
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.

Introduction: The increased quantities of inflammatory biomarkers such as C-Reactive Proteins (CRP), Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, brown rice is an alternative dietary food source that is known to have many health benefits including high fibre content. In addition to fibre, brown rice is also reported to have moderate amounts of proteins, unsaturated lipids, several minerals, and a lot of bioactive substances that are highly beneficial to health. This study aims to prove the role of brown rice dietary intervention in the reduction of inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Design and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a post-test conducted on 18 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the intervention phase I, all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were given brown rice diet for 3 months and followed by a phase II intervention, in which white rice diet was given to the other group of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for 3 months. Serum was collected at the end of each intervention stage and then serum for Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Proteins were analysed by the ELISA method. Statistical analysis of the t-test was conducted in order to determine the differences between the two groups allocated in the study.

Results: At the end of the study, it was found that the levels of C-Reactive Protein, Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, and Interleukin-6 after the brown rice intervention was given to type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, it showed a decreasing trend compared to the white rice intervention although not significantly different (p = 0.6, p = 0.63, p = 0.59, respectively).

Conclusions: This study concluded that the administration of brown rice dietary intervention to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for 3 months was able to reduce Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, C-Reactive Proteins, and Interleukin-6 however, the reduction was not significant to influence policy change.

 

 

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Hebert JR, Shivappa N, Wirth MD, et al. Perspective: The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)-Lessons Learned, Improvements Made, and Future Directions. Adv Nutr 2019;10:185-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy071
Na W, Kim M, Sohn C. Dietary inflammatory index and its relationship with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Korean: data from the health examinee cohort. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018;62:83-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.17-22
Tangvarasittichai S, Pongthaisong S, Tangvarasittichai O. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein Levels and Insulin Resistance Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Abdominal Obesity Women. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016;31:68-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-015-0514-0
Kanmani S, Kwon M, Shin MK, et al. Association of C-Reactive Protein with Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Role of Obesity and Hypertension: A Large Population-Based Korean Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2019;9:4573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40987-8
Jeong H, Baek SY, Kim SW, et al. C reactive protein level as a marker for dyslipidaemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMJ Open 2019;9:e029861. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029861
Alzamil H. Elevated Serum TNF-alpha Is Related to Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Is Associated with Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance. J Obes 2020;2020:5076858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5076858
Hossain M, Faruque MO, Kabir G, et al. Association of serum TNF-α and IL-6 with insulin secretion and insulin resistance in IFG and IGT subjects in a Bangladeshi population. Int J Diabetes Mellitus 2010;2:165-8.
Hossain M, Faruque MO, Kabir G, et al. Association of serum TNF-α and IL-6 with insulin secretion and insulin resistance in IFG and IGT subjects in a Bangladeshi population. Int J Diabetes Mellitus 2010;2:165-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdm.2010.08.004
Yasa IWPS, Wande IN, Susila NKN, et al. Kadar IL-6 Plasma Pasien Diabetes Melitus dengan dan tanpa Pengidap Retinopati Diabetika. Indonesian J Clin Pathol Med Laborat 2010;20:1-4.
Lee JS, Sreenivasulu N, Hamilton RS, et al. Brown Rice, a Diet Rich in Health Promoting Properties. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2019;65:26-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.65.S26
Umeyama L, Kasahara S, Sugawara M, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of fermented brown rice and rice bran with Aspergillus oryzae on mice. Traditional Kampo Medicine 2020;8:60-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tkm2.1270
Feng M, Wang X, Xiong H, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of three selenium-enriched brown rice protein hydrolysates in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages via NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2021;76:1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104320
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Tetap Produktif, Cegah Dan Atasi Diabetes Mellitus. [Stay Productive, Prevent And Overcome Diabetes Mellitus.] Jakarta: Republic of Indonesia; 2020.
Suastika K, Dwipayana P, Semadi MS, et al. Age is an Important Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases. In: Chackrewarthy S, editor. Glucose Tolerance. UK: IntechOpen Book Series; 2012. p. 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/52397
Shou J, Chen PJ, Xiao WH. Mechanism of increased risk of insulin resistance in aging skeletal muscle. Diabetol Metabol Syndr 2020;12:1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-020-0523-x
Kusumastuty I, Handayani D, Attamimi N, et al. Kepatuhan Diet Berbasis Beras Coklat terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan lemak tubuh pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus. [Brown Rice-Based Diet on Blood Glucose and Body Fat Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Patients.] Indonesia J Human Nutrition 2021;8:182-94.
Ahmadzadeh TN. Effect of BASNEF-based nutrition education on nutritional behaviors among elderly people and Mini Nutritional Assessment on nutritional status in elderly with diabetes with type 2 diabetes (A clinical trial intervention). J Educ Health Promotion 2019;8:94.
Chrvala CA, Sherr D, Lipman RD. Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the effect on glycemic control. Patient Educ Counsel 2016;99:926-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.11.003
Sulistyowati E, Rudijanto A, Suharto S, et al. The Identification of Characteristic Macro- and Micronutrients and the Bioactive Components of Indonesian Local Brown Rice as a Functional Feed in Obesity Nutrition Therapy. Curr Nutrition Food Sci 2019;16:494-500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666190328223626
Kusumastuty I, Handayani D, Attamimi N, et al. Kepatuhan Diet Berbasis Beras Coklat terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan lemak tubuh pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesia J Human Nutrition 2021;8:182-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijhn.2021.008.02.9
Martinez-Sanchez N. There and Back Again: Leptin Actions in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21(17). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176039
Zhang DM, Jiao RQ, Kong LD. High dietary fructose: Direct or indirect dangerous factors disturbing tissue and organ functions. Nutrients 2017;9:1-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040335
Hernandez HR, Mendia LES, Ramirez GR, et al. Obesity and inflammation: Epidemiology, risk factors, and markers of inflammation. Int J Endocrinol 2013;2013:1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/678159
Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol 2014;6:1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a016295
Mahwati Y, Nurrika D. Obesity Indicators and C-reactive Protein in Indonesian Adults (‚â• 40 years): The Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 2014-2015. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 2020;15(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v15i3.3296
Hadizadeh F, Elham FPA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Diagnostic biomarkers. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2017;8:11-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v8.i2.11

How to Cite

Nugroho, F. A., Kusumastuty, I., Cempaka, A. R., Latif, A. N. H., & Handayani, D. (2023). The three month’s dietary brown rice intervention has not significantly decreased levels of CRP, TNF- α, and IL6 of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings, 11(s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2023.11172
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s) Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.