https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2023.11164
Profil of omega-3 food intake and its association with socioeconomic status in smoker on online motorcycle drivers
Published: 9 February 2023
Abstract Views: 1136
PDF: 254
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Introduction: Omega-3 fatty acids were found to be effective in reducing inflammation and free radicals caused by air pollution (cigarette smoke), as well as improving lung function. Furthermore, economic conditions can influence a person's food consumption habits. The type of food consumed will certainly affect the amount of omega-3 absorbed by the body, and the quality of food consumed is influenced by socioeconomic status (SES). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine omega-3 intake and its relationship with the socioeconomic status of online motorcycle drivers.
Design and Methods: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional method of measuring omega-3 consumption using a 24-hour food recall questionnaire and assessing the mean of omega-3 intake after 3 days. The was conducted from May-August 2020, in Kali Rungkut, Surabaya City, and the subjects were online motorcycle drivers. A Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between omega-3 intake and SES (income and education).
Results: There were 49 respondents in this study with most of them having a classification of omega-3 intake at the deficit level (57.14%), and none belonging to the good and more level. There was a significant difference in omega-3 intake on income (p=0.000) and education (p=0.000).
Conclusions: Income and education must be prioritized to improve a healthy diet that includes omega-3.
Verlinghieri E, Schwanen T. Transport and mobility justice: Evolving discussions. J Transp Geogr 2020;87:102798.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102798
Irawan MZ, Rizki M, Joewono TB, et al. Exploring the intention of out-of-home activities participation during new normal conditions in Indonesian cities. Transp Res Interdiscip Perspect 2020;8:100237.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100237
Ramadhan MAH, Hartono B. Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Online Ojek Drivers in Bogor City and Depok City in 2018 (A Case Study of Air Pollution). Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global 2020;1(1):76-85.
Lorensia A, Muntu CM, Suryadinata RV, et al. Effect of lung function disorders and physical activity on smoking and non-smoking students. J Prev Med Hyg 2021;62:E89-96.
West R. Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychol Health 2017;32:1018-36.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2017.1325890
Holipah H, Sulistomo HW, Maharani A. Tobacco smoking and risk of all-cause mortality in Indonesia. PLoS One 2020;15:e0242558.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242558
Balatif R. Cigarettes and Its Effects on Health. Scripta Score Scientific Medical Journal 2020;2:44-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v2i1.1246
Baumeister RF. Addiction, cigarette smoking, and voluntary control of action: Do cigarette smokers lose their free will?. Addict Behav Rep 2017;5:67-84.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.01.003
González-Roz A, Jackson J, Murphy C, et al. Behavioral economic tobacco demand in relation to cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional relationships. Addiction 2019;114:1926-40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14736
Joly B, Perriot J, d’Athis P, et al. Success rates in smoking cessation: Psychological preparation plays a critical role and interacts with other factors such as psychoactive substances. PLoS One 2017;12:e0184800.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184800
Nagano T, Katsurada M, Yasuda Y, et al. Current pharmacologic treatments for smoking cessation and new agents undergoing clinical trials. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2019;13:1753466619875925.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1753466619875925
Hersi M, Traversy G, Thombs BD, et al. Effectiveness of stop smoking interventions among adults: protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and an updated systematic review. Syst Rev 2019;8:28.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-018-0928-x
Aman F, Masood S. How Nutrition can help to fight against COVID-19 Pandemic. Pak J Med Sci 2020;36:S121-S123.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2776
Lorensia A, Wahyudi M, Yudiarso A, et al. Effect of illness perception on improving asthma symptoms with omega-3 fish oil therapy: Pre-post design. J Appl Pharmaceut Sci 2020;10:62-71.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2020.10609
Lorensia A, Wahyudi M, Mayzika NA. Effectiveness of Fish Oil Containing Omega-3 In Improving Symptoms And Lung Function In Asthma Outpatient In Surabaya, Indonesia. Int J Pharmaceut Quality Assurance 2018;9:260-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.v9i3.13657
Lorensia A, Suryadinata RV, Sidabutar BCM. Effect Analysis of Protein Intake of Pedicab Driver in Surabaya. J Trop Pharm Chem 2021;5:188-93.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v5i3.266
Wiest EF, Walsh-Wilcox MT, Walker MK. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Protect Against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction. Toxicol Sci 2017;156:300-310.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfw255
Sadeghi-Ardekani K, Haghighi M, Zarrin R. Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cigarette craving and oxidative stress index in heavy-smoker males: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Psychopharmacol 2018 Sep;32:995-1002.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881118788806
Scaglia N, Chatkin J, Chapman KR, et al. The relationship between omega-3 and smoking habit: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2016;15:61.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-016-0220-9
Harris WS, Tintle NL, Imamura F, et al. Blood n-3 fatty acid levels and total and cause-specific mortality from 17 prospective studies. Nat Commun 2021;12:2329.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22370-2
Gammone MA, Riccioni G, Parrinello G, et al. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Benefits and Endpoints in Sport. Nutrients 2018;11:46.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010046
Calder PC. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man. Biochem Soc Trans 2017;45:1105-15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20160474
Buoite Stella A, Gortan Cappellari G, Barazzoni R, et al. Update on the Impact of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Sarcopenia: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018;19:218.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010218
Hu C, Yang M, Zhu X, et al. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Markers of Inflammation in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Controversial Issue. Ther Apher Dial 2018;22:124-32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-9987.12611
Weylandt KH, Serini S, Chen YQ, et al. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: The Way Forward in Times of Mixed Evidence. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:143109.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/143109
Zibaeenezhad MJ, Ghavipisheh M, Attar A, et al. Comparison of the effect of omega-3 supplements and fresh fish on lipid profile: a randomized, open-labeled trial. Nutr Diabetes 2017;7:1.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-017-0007-8
Lorensia A, Suryadinata RV. Assessment of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Food Intakes in Online motorcycle drivers. Teikyo Med J 2021;44:881-92.
Muhammad A, D'Souza A, Meade B, et al. How income and food prices influence global dietary intakes by age and sex: evidence from 164 countries. BMJ Glob Health 2017;2:e000184.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000184
Lora KR, Lewis NM, Eskridge KM, et al. Correlation of omega-3 fatty acids intakes with acculturation and socioeconomic status in midwestern Latinas. J Immigr Minor Health 2011;13:111-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-009-9314-z
Pechey R, Monsivais P. Socioeconomic inequalities in the healthiness of food choices: Exploring the contributions of food expenditures. Prev Med 2016;88:203-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.012
Viego V, Temporelli K. Socioeconomic Status and Self-Reported Chronic Diseases Among Argentina's Adult Population: Results Based on Multivariate Probability Models. J Public Health Res 2017;6:883.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2017.883
Singh GK, Daus GP, Allender M, et al. Social Determinants of Health in the United States: Addressing Major Health Inequality Trends for the Nation, 1935-2016. Int J MCH AIDS 2017;6:139-64.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21106/ijma.236
Roach LA, Russell KG, Lambert K, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acid food frequency questionnaire validation in people with end stage renal disease on dialysis. Nutr Diet 2020;77:131-138.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12483
Ansari MR, Agustina R, Khusun H, et al. Development and evaluation of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire for estimating omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intakes in Indonesian children. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2016;25:S20-S29.
Dao MC, Subar AF, Warthon-Medina M, et al. Dietary assessment toolkits: an overview. Public Health Nutr 2019;22:404-18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018002951
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia. Buku Foto Makanan oleh Tim Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2014.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Konsumsi kalori dan protein penduduk Indonesia dan provinsi. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2020.
Bellows L, Clifford J, Niebaum K, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids. CSU Extension. Fact Sheet 2015;9:382.
Tur J, Bibiloni M, Sureda A, et al. Dietary sources of omega 3 fatty acids: Public health risks and benefits. Br J Nutr 2012;107:S23-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512001456
Schwalfenberg G. Omega-3 fatty acids: their beneficial role in cardiovascular health. Can Fam Physician 2006;52:734-40.
Tomioka K, Shima M, Saeki K. Association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and serious psychological distress is stronger in women than in men: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Japan. Harm Reduct J 2021;18:27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00469-5
Stupin A, Rasic L, Matic A, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched hen eggs consumption enhances microvascular reactivity in young healthy individuals. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018;43:988-95.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0735
Konieczka P, Czauderna M, Smulikowska S. The enrichment of chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acids by dietary fish oil or its mixture with rapeseed or flaxseed—Effect of feeding duration: Dietary fish oil, flaxseed, and rapeseed and n-3 enriched broiler meat. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2017;223;42-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.023
Mustapha RA, Bolajoko O, Akinola OO. Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Potential of Smoked and Boiled Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus). Curr Res Nutr Food Sci 2014;2: 94-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.2.2.06
Hashim RB, Jamil EF, Zulkipli FH, et al. Fatty acid compositions of silver catfish, Pangasius sp. farmed in several rivers of Pahang, Malaysia. J Oleo Sci 2015;64:205-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess14191
Lauritzen L, Brambilla P, Mazzocchi A, et al. DHA Effects in Brain Development and Function. Nutrients 2016;8:6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010006
Cave C, Hein N, Smith LM, et al. Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake by Ethnicity, Income, and Education Level in the United States: NHANES 2003-2014. Nutrients 2020;12:2045.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072045
Lorensia A, Budiono R, Suryadinata RV, et al. Quantitative determination of EPA and DHA in fish oil capsules for cardiovascular disease therapy in Indonesia by GC-MS. J Public Health Res 2021;10:2159.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2159
Wilson NA, Mantzioris E, Middleton PF, et al. Influence of sociodemographic, lifestyle and genetic characteristics on maternal DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acid status in pregnancy: A systematic review. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020;152:102037.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102037
How to Cite
Lorensia, A., & Suryadinata, R. V. (2023). Profil of omega-3 food intake and its association with socioeconomic status in smoker on online motorcycle drivers. Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings, 11(s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2023.11164
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.