https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2024.13005

Exploring the relationship between self-stigma and resilience among people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study

Early Access
Submitted: 4 September 2024
Accepted: 11 October 2024
Published: 23 October 2024
HIV, resilience, self-stigma
Abstract Views: 606
PDF: 158
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Ahmad Ikhlasul Amal
ahmad.ikhlasul.amal-2020@fkp.unair.ac.id
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya; Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia.
Tintin Sukartini
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Ninuk Dian Kurniawati
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Sofyanudin Sofyanudin
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia.
Retno Setyawati
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia.

HIV is a disease that not only affects physical health but also carries a heavy psychological burden, primarily through self-stigma. Self-stigma can lead to low self-esteem, helplessness, and social isolation, weakening resilience or an individual's ability to survive and adapt to life's challenges. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the specific mechanisms by which resilience can mitigate the impact of self-stigma on PLHIV. Whether resilience can completely neutralize the effects of self-stigma or only partially is a question that still requires further answers. This study aims to find out the relationship between self-stigma and resilience among people living with HIV. This research used an observational research design using a cross-sectional approach. 150 HIV patients at Six Public Health Centre of Semarang City were involved in using purposive sampling techniques. The data was gathered using the Indonesian version of CD-RISC and the Indonesian version of the Self-Stigma Questionnaire. Spearman rank correlations were used to analyze the data. The health research ethics committee of the faculty of nursing at Universitas Islam Sultan Agung has approved this study as ethically appropriate. The results found a relationship between self-stigma and resilience where a p-value of 0.006 < α (0.05) with a contingency coefficient value of 0.222. The self-stigma and resilience have a weak correlation. Self-stigma can weaken the ability to create resilience in PLHIV, although the impact may vary depending on other factors. Nurses or health workers need to pay attention to PLHIV, who experience self-stigma, to rise and be resilient while being HIV positive.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Williams R, Cook R, Brumback B, et al. The relationship between individual characteristics and HIV-related stigma in adults living with HIV: Medical monitoring project, Florida, 2015-2016. BMC Public Health 2020;20:1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08891-3
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2022 Tentang Penanggulangan Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Dan Infeksi Menular Seksual. Permenkes RI 2022;69:1–53.
Demirel OF, Mayda PY, Yıldız N, et al. Self-stigma, depression, and anxiety levels of people living with HIV in Turkey. Eur J Psychiatry 2018;32:182–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpsy.2018.03.002
Oke OO, Akinboro AO, Olanrewaju FO, et al. Assessment of HIV-related stigma and determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS in Abeokuta, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2019;7:2050312119869109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119869109
Mukaromah N, Ferianto F, Lestari R. Hubungan stigma diri dengan kualitas hidup orang dengan HIV/AIDS di Yogyakarta. Media Ilmu Kesehat 2023;12:56–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30989/mik.v12i1.823
Oexle N, Müller M, Kawohl W, et al. Self-stigma as a barrier to recovery: a longitudinal study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017;0:0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-017-0773-2
Corrigan PW, Rao D. On the self-stigma of mental illness: stages, disclosure, and strategies for change. Can J Psychiatry 2012;57:464–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371205700804
Adam A, Badwi A, Palutturi S. Analysis of factors associated with self-stigma (PLHIV) on the HIV and AIDS incidencein Jongaya positive care supporting group of Makassar city. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev 2019;10:2507–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.03984.6
de Brito HL, Seidl EMF. Resilience of people with hiv/aids: Influence of religious coping. Trends Psychol 2019;27:647–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2019.3-04
Gottert A, McClair TL, Pulerwitz J, Friedland BA. What shapes resilience among people living with HIV? A multi-country analysis of data from the PLHIV Stigma Index 2.0. AIDS 2020;34:S19–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002587
Mealer M, Jones J, Meek P. Factors affecting resilience and development of posttraumatic stress disorder in critical care nurses. Am J Crit Care 2017;26:184–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2017798
Post F, Buchta M, Kemmler G, et al. Resilience predicts self-stigma and stigma resistance in stabilized patients with bipolar i disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021;12:1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.678807
Brewer R, Hood KB, Moore M, et al. An exploratory study of resilience, HIV-related stigma, and HIV care outcomes among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV in Louisiana. AIDS Behav 2020;24:119–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02778-5
Wicaksono YA, Fitrikasari A, Sofro MAU, Peni H. Hubungan Stigma dan Terapi ARV dengan Komplikasi Gangguan Psikiatri pada Pasien HIV/AIDS. J Penyakit Dalam Indones 2018;5:24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/jpdi.v5i1.161
Pitaloka AD. Gambaran Konsep Diri dan Resiliensi Orang HIV (ODHIV). 2023.
Lemeshow S, Jr DWH, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Adequacy of sample size in health studies. Technometrics. 1990.
Tian H. Review of factors affecting psychological resilience. 2019 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Social Sciences, Humanities (APSSH 2019) 2019:107–11.
Glennie EJ. Coping and Resilience. Noncognitive Skills in the Classroom: New Perspect Educ Res 2010. 169–194 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2010.bk.0000.1009.8
Ghidei L, Simone M, Salow M, et al. Aging, antiretrovirals, and adherence: a meta analysis of adherence among older HIV-infected individuals. Drugs Aging 2013;309:2105–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-013-0107-7
Mentari GB, Susilawati. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Indonesia. J Heal Sains 2022;3:1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36418/jiss.v3i1.512
Mackenzie CS, Heath PJ, Vogel DL, Chekay R. Age differences in public stigma, self-stigma, and attitudes toward seeking help: A moderated mediation model. J Clin Psychol 2019;75:2259–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22845
Lalhruaimawii I, Danturulu MV, Rai S, et al. Determinants of stigma faced by people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A narrative review from past and present scenario in India. Clin Epidemiol Glob Heal 2022;17:101117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101117
Li X, Yuan L, Li X, et al. Factors associated with stigma attitude towards people living with HIV among general individuals in Heilongjiang, Northeast China. BMC Infect Dis 2017;17:1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2216-0
Xiao Z, Li X, Qiao S, et al. Coping, social support, stigma, and gender difference among people living with HIV in Guangxi, China. Psychol Heal Med 2018;23:18–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2017.1300671
Gutin SA, Ruark A, Darbes LA, et al. Supportive couple relationships buffer against the harms of HIV stigma on HIV treatment adherence. BMC Public Health 2023;23:1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16762-w
Abiola T, Udofia O. Psychometric assessment of the Wagnild and Young’s resilience scale in Kano, Nigeria. BMC Res Notes 2011;4:509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-509
Garrido-Hernansaiz H, Alonso-Tapia J, Martín-Fernández M. Coping in newly diagnosed, Spanish-speaking men who have sex with men and live with HIV** a Bayesian approach. Eur J Ment Heal 2019;14:41–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5708/EJMH.14.2019.1.3
Maria A. Literature Review: Intervensi dalam Mengatasi Stigma-Diri pada Pasien HIV/AIDS. I Care J Keperawatan STIKes Panti Rapih 2020;1:71–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46668/jurkes.v1i1.40
Zhu M, Guo Y, Li Y, et al. HIV-related stigma and quality of life in people living with HIV and depressive symptoms: indirect effects of positive coping and perceived stress. AIDS Care - Psychol Socio-Medical Asp AIDS/HIV 2020;32:1030–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1752890
Odili VU, Ikhurionan IB, Usifoh SF, Oparah AC. Determinants of quality of life in HIV/AIDS patients. West African J Pharm 2011;22:42-8.

How to Cite

Amal, A. I., Sukartini, T., Dian Kurniawati, N., Sofyanudin, S., & Setyawati, R. (2024). Exploring the relationship between self-stigma and resilience among people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study. Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings. https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2024.13005
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s) Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.