Pharmaceutical care of premedical and first aid in case of injuries: impact of biological and nuclear weapons and radiation exposure from military destruction of nuclear power plants

Oleksandr Tkachenko; Volodymyr Bulda; Nataliia Makarova; Larysa Filippova; Olena Barabanchyk

doi:10.4081/hls.2024.12347

Authors

Oleksandr Tkachenko
oltkachenko14@gmail.com
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Volodymyr Bulda Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine.
Nataliia Makarova Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Larysa Filippova Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Olena Barabanchyk Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine.

The relevance of the topic is due to the increased risk of radiation hazards on the territory of Ukraine caused by the frequent shelling of nuclear power plants in the Zaporizhzhya region. This research work aims to calculate the percentage of the population that is sufficiently aware of the issues in providing medical care for radiation and other injuries. During the scientific research, the authors used analytical, statistical, and diagnostic methods to study information on radiation hazards and define the specifics and consequences of the use of various types of biological weapons. The main results achieved within the framework of this scientific study would be a clear justification and assessment of the radiation hazards for Ukrainians and a determination of the feasibility and indications for the use of certain medicines. The results obtained and the conclusions formulated on their basis are of practical importance for the military, territorial defence fighters, students of medical universities, sanitary workers, police officers, teachers, drivers, and civilians.

Peel R. Shelling of Europe’s biggest power plant in Europe. Assessment of medical risks and the possibility of avoiding them. Med Sci Ukraine 2022;18:1-9.

Dehghani A. Radiation safety awareness amongst staff and patients in the hospitals. Int J Occup Environ Health 2020;6:114-9.

Suksompong S, Khamtuikrua C. Awareness about radiation hazards and knowledge about radiation protection among healthcare personnel: a quaternary care academic center-based study. SAGE Open Med 2020;22:2050312120901733. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312120901733

Roffey R, Lantorp K, Tegnell A. Biological weapons and bioterrorism preparedness: importance of public-health awareness and international cooperation. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002;8:522-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00497.x

Dudley JP. New challenges for public health care: biological and chemical weapons awareness, surveillance, and response. Biol Res Nurs 2020;14:244-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800403251452

Williams M, Armstrong L, Sizemore DC. Biologic, chemical and radiation terrorism review. 2022. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493217/

Nie JB. In the shadow of biological warfare: enhancing global governance of biosafety as a matter of urgency. J Bioethical Injury 2020;17:567-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10025-8

Boivin G, Piret J. Pandemics throughout history. Front Microbiol 2021;11:631736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736

Yakimets VM, Khizhnyak MI, Slabky GO, et al. Principles of medical protection when using bacteriological weapons. Ukraine. Health Nation 2018;4:36-43.

Bland AS. Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Casualty management principles. Conflict Catastrophe Med 2013;13:747-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2927-1_46

Riedel S. Biological warfare and bioterrorism: a historical review. Bayl Univ Med Cent Proc 2014;27:400-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2004.11928002

Karadayi S, Sezgin N, Karadayi B. The level on information and awareness of healthcare workers on bioterrorism agents. Turkey Klinikleri J Forensic Med Forensic Sci 2019;16:45-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5336/forensic.2018-61790

Musicki S, Vasovic D, Markovic S. Radiation hazards and radiation protection practices observed from different perspectives. 2017. Available from: https://www.rad-proceedings.org/paper.php?id=123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2017.21

Voropai KS, Tkachenko OP. Man-made catastrophe. Accident at the nuclear power plant. Radiation protection. Bogomolets National Medical University; Kiev, Ukraine; 2022.

Skidan S, Tkachenko OP. First aid and self-help for nuclear damage. Bogomolets National Medical University; Kiev, Ukraine; 2022.

Tekin E, Aslan S. Emergency and first aid in cases of the use of chemical, biological, radiation, and nuclear weapons. Eurasian J Emerg Med 2016;15:90-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5152/eajem.2016.24633

Amro A, Hamarsheh A. Knowledge and awareness of radiation hazards among civilians. East Mediterr Health J 2019;23:576-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26719/2017.23.8.576

Frane N, Bitterman A. Radiation safety and protection. 2022. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557499/

Shirazi A, Mihandoost E, Mahdavi SR, Mohseni M. Radio-protective role of antioxidant agents. Oncol Rev 2012;6:176-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/oncol.2012.e16

Tapbergenov SO, Zhetpisbaev BA, Ilderbayev OZ, et al. Free radical oxidation in rats in the delayed period after combined exposure to dust and radiation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013;154:747-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-013-2046-z

Ilderbayev O, Zharmakhanova G, Rakhyzhanova S, et al. Immune system response after immobilization stress in the background of ionizing radiation. Trends Sci 2022;19:4637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.4637

Code of Civil Protection of Ukraine. 2012. Available from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5403-17#Text

Dzhansarayeva RY, Dilbarkhanova ZR, Malikova SB, et al. Countermeasures to bioterrorism acts. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2015;12:1849-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/1850

Chulenbayeva L, Ilderbayev O, Taldykbayev Z, et al. Phytocorrection of immunological and biochemical changes in the combined impact of coal dust and high dose of radiation. Georg Med News 2018;275:141-50.

Reed-Schrader E , Hayoun MA, Kropp AM, Goldstein S,. EMS weapons of mass destruction and related injury. 2022. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28722983/

Berger T, Eisenkraft A, Kassirer M, et al. Toxins as biological weapons for terror-characteristics challenges and medical countermeasures: a mini-review. Disaster Mil Med 2016;2:186-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40696-016-0017-4

Abil'dinova GZh, Kuleshov NP, Svyatova GS. Chromosomal instability parameters in the population affected by nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site. Genetika 2003;39:1123-7.

Svyatova GS, Abil'dinova GZh, Berezina GM. The frequency, dynamics, and structure of congenital malformations in populations under long-term exposure to ionizing radiation. Genetika 2001;37:1696-704. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013256231476

Postic SD. X-Ray diffraction technique in the analysis of phases of hydroxylapatite and calcium phosphate in a human jaw. Int J Biomed 2014;4:109-13.

Hryshchuk S, Harlinska A, Korneichuk N. Evaluation of economic feasibility of cancer prevention by vaccination from papillomavirus infection in Ukraine. RAD Conf Proceed 2020;4:155-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21175/RadProc.2020.32

Zekioglu A, Parlar S. Investigation of awareness level concerning radiation safety among healthcare professionals who work in a radiation environment. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 2021;14:1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16878507.2020.1777657

Arora R, Chawla R, Marwah R, et al. Medical radiation countermeasures for nuclear and radiological emergencies: Current status and future perspectives. J Pharm BioAllied Sci 2019;12:202-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.68502

Oshurko AP, Oliinyk IYu. Study of the qualitative characteristics of the maxilla bone tissue according to the quantitative content of macroelements (P, NA, CA, MG, S) in the dynamics of prenatal ontogenesis. World Med Biol 2019;67:171-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26724/2079-8334-2019-1-67-171

Dizman S, Hodolli G, Kadiri S, et al. Radioactivity in Kosovo Honey Samples. Pol J Environ Stud 2020;29:1119-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/105968

Radiation Protection and Safety in Veterinary Medicine. 2021. Available from: https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/PUB1894_web.pdf

Tkachenko, O., Bulda, V., Makarova, N., Filippova, L., & Barabanchyk, O. (2024). Pharmaceutical care of premedical and first aid in case of injuries: impact of biological and nuclear weapons and radiation exposure from military destruction of nuclear power plants. Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings. https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2024.12347