https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2024.11961
Early diagnosis of stroke risk factors in high school students in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Submitted: 13 October 2023
Accepted: 20 September 2024
Published: 14 October 2024
Accepted: 20 September 2024
Abstract Views: 241
PDF: 39
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
The number of stroke patients in Indonesia is ranked as the first country to experience the most strokes in all of Asia. The prevalence of stroke in Indonesia reaches 8.3 out of 1000 population. This prevalence rate increases with increasing age. Indonesian national data shows that stroke is the highest cause of death, at 15.4%, with approximately 750,000 strokes per year in Indonesia and 200,000 recurrent strokes. People who are physically inactive (those who exercise less than three times per week, each for 30 minutes) have an almost 50% increased risk of stroke compared to those who are active. Physical inactivity can lead to weight problems and increased blood pressure and is associated with diabetes, all of which are important risk factors for stroke. Inactivity also contributes to the onset of early atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks. This study is an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design to see and observe the risk factors for stroke that exist in school children in Makassar city. Data processing was carried out using computer application programs and SPSS version 22.0 with data analysis methods using the Chi Square Test with the Yate's Correlation formula in SPSS called Continuity Correction and Risk. The number of respondents studied was 896 people. Hypertension is a major risk factor for health problems in society, especially in socioeconomic transition. Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the onset of heart disease and stroke. Doing physical activity will prevent us from various diseases, by doing adequate physical activity we can suppress the increase in blood sugar levels, cholesterol levels, and avoid obesity and strengthen the heart. All of which are risk factors for stroke. So thus by doing adequate physical activity we can avoid stroke. There is a relationship between gender, obesity, hypertension, family history of disease, stress, physical activity, risky diet and smoking on stroke risk factors and there is no relationship between age and knowledge with stroke risk factors.
Casarin FS, Pagliarin KC, Altmann RF, et al. Montreal communication evaluation brief battery-MEC B: Reliability and validity. Codas 2020;32:1-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192018306
Park SJ, Oh S. Changes in gait performance in stroke patients after taping with scapular setting exercise. Healthc 2020;8:128.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020128
Luan FJ, Zhang J, Wang HQ. Epidemiological study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using low/non-radiation screening methodology. J Rehabil Med 2018;50:765-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2355
Lee JP, Chen S, Tsai CT, et al. Characteristics associated with the differential activity of nondominant and dominant affected hands in patients with poststroke right hemiparesis. Occup Ther Int 2020;2020:2387378.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2387378
Khattab S, Eng JJ, Liu-Ambrose T, et al. Sex differences in the effects of exercise on cognition post-stroke: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med 2020;52:jrm00002.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2615
Matsushita T, Nishioka S, Taguchi S, et al. Sarcopenic obesity and activities of daily living in stroke rehabilitation patients: A cross-sectional study. Healthc 2020;8:255.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030255
Ahmadi HS, Mehraban AH, Amini M, Sheikhi M. The effects of Virtual Reality on upper limb function in chronic stroke patients: A clinical trial. Iran Rehabil J 2019;17:81-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.17.1.89
Hernández ED, Galeano CP, Barbosa NE, et al. Intra- And inter-rater reliability of Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity in stroke. J Rehabil Med 2019;51:652-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2590
Gallowayphd M, Marsden DL, Callister R, Nilsson M, Erickson KI, English C. The feasibility of a telehealth exercise program aimed at increasing cardiorespiratory fitness for people after stroke. Int J Telerehabilitation 2019;11:9-28.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2019.6290
Oberlin LE, Waiwood AM, Cumming TB, et al. Effects of physical activity on poststroke cognitive function a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2017;48:3093-100.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.017319
Riskesda. Riset Kesehatan Dasar Nasional 2013; 2013.
Stewart RAH, Held C, Hadziosmanovic N, et al. Physical activity and mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:1689-700.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.08.017
Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018;137:E67-492.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000573
Braakhuis HEM, Roelofs JMB, Berger MAM, Ribbers GM, Weerdesteyn V, Bussmann JBJ. Intensity of daily physical activity–a key component for improving physical capacity after minor stroke? Disabil Rehabil 2020;0:1-6.
Fini NA, Bernhardt J, Said CM, Billinger SA. How to address physical activity participation after stroke in research and clinical practice. Stroke 2021;52:E274-E277.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034557
Lynch EA, Jones TM, Simpson DB, et al. Activity monitors for increasing physical activity in adult stroke survivors. Stroke 2019;50:4-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023088
Supratiknya A. Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif & kualitatif dalam psikologi. Universitas Sanata Dharma; 2022.
Gjellesvik TI, Becker F, Tjønna AE, et al. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training after Stroke (The HIIT Stroke Study) on physical and cognitive function: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020;101:939-47.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.02.006
Li J, Ogbole G, Aribisala B, et al. Association between white matter hyperintensities and stroke in a West African patient population: Evidence from the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study. Neuroimage 2020;215:116789.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116789
Tejada Meza H, Artal Roy J, Pérez Lázaro C, et al. Epidemiology and characteristics of ischaemic stroke in young adults in Aragon. Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2022;37:434-40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.05.009
Hamre C, Fure B, Helbostad JL, et al. Factors associated with level of physical activity after minor stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021;30:105628.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105628
Russell JBW, Charles E, Conteh V, Lisk DR. Risk factors, clinical outcomes and predictors of stroke mortality in Sierra Leoneans: A retrospective hospital cohort study. Ann Med Surg 2020;60:293-300.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.060
Smith RW, Barnes I, Green J, et al. Social isolation and risk of heart disease and stroke: analysis of two large UK prospective studies. Lancet Public Heal 2021;6(4):e232-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30291-7
Altable M, de la Serna JM. Cerebrovascular disease in COVID-19: Is there a higher risk of stroke? Brain, Behav Immun - Heal 2020;6:100092.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100092
Al-Senani F, Al-Johani M, Salawati M, et al. An Epidemiological Model for First Stroke in Saudi Arabia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020;29:1-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104465
Zhang Y, Vittinghoff E, Pletcher MJ, et al. Associations of blood pressure and cholesterol levels during young adulthood with later cardiovascular events. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;74:330-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.529
Tsujimoto T, Kajio H. Strategies for glycemic control in nonobese and obese type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2019;282:1-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.02.008
Karki A, Shrestha A, Subedi N. Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban Nepal. BMC Public Health 2019;19:1055.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7406-9
Zaprutko T, Florczak-Wyspiańska J, Kopciuch D, et al. Costs of stroke and incidence of first diagnosis of atrial fibrillation at time of stroke. Neurology Ward Hospital Poznań, Poland 2018. Healthcare 2021;9:999.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9080999
Angoorani P, Heshmat R, Ejtahed HS, et al. The association of parental obesity with physical activity and sedentary behaviors of their children: the CASPIAN-V study. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018;94:410-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.06.024
Seo SH, Lee D, Lee SH, Choi KY. Blockade of CXXC5-dishevelled interaction inhibits adipogenic differentiation, obesity, and insulin resistance in mice. Sci Rep 2022;12:20669.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25315-x
Ryu YC, Kim Y rin, Park J, et al. Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator restores hair regeneration suppressed by diabetes mellitus. BMB Rep 2022;55:559.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2022.55.11.081
Ren Q, He C, Huang Q, Zhang D, et al. Impacts of global urban expansion on natural habitats undermine the 2050 vision for biodiversity. Resour Conserv Recycl 2023;190:106834.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106834
Cook P, Sunnerhagen KS, Persson HC. Level of physical activity is positively correlated with perceived impact on life 12 months after stroke: A cross-sectional study. J Rehabil Med 2020;52:2667
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2667
Jha RK, Yadav AK, Shrestha S, et al. Study of body mass index among medical students of a medical college in nepal: A descriptive cross-sectional study. J Nepal Med Assoc 2021;59:280-3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.6282
Alt Murphy M, Andersson S, Danielsson A, et al. Comparison of accelerometer-based arm, leg and trunk activity at weekdays and weekends during subacute inpatient rehabilitation after stroke. J Rehabil Med 2019;51:426-33.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2553
Bazan R, Luvizutto GJ, Braga GP, et al. Relationship of spontaneous microembolic signals to risk stratification, recurrence, severity, and mortality of ischemic stroke: a prospective study. Ultrasound J 2020;12:1-12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13089-020-0156-1
Umar AB, Koehler TJ, Zhang R, et al. Stroke knowledge among middle and high school students. J Int Med Res 2019;47:4230-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519858887
How to Cite
Awal, M., Durahim, D., Halimah, A., Hasbiah, H., Arpanjaman, A., Supriatna, A., Islam, F., & Ikbal, M. (2024). Early diagnosis of stroke risk factors in high school students in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings. https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2024.11961
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Similar Articles
- Nawzad Sulaiman Murad, Shawkat Salih Miro, Vazheen Abdul Hameed Ismael, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Iraqi Kurdistan population: a large epidemiological study , Healthcare in Low-resource Settings: Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
- Frana Andrianur, Dwi Prihatin Era, Arifin Hidayat, Ismansyah Ismansyah, Diah Setiani, The effect of five activities daily living on improving cognitive function in ischemic stroke patients , Healthcare in Low-resource Settings: Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): Transforming Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings: a Multidisciplinary Approach Towards Sustainable Solutions, Part I
- Danial Mohammadi-Avizi, Mohammadreza Firouzkouhi, Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad, Mahin Naderifar, Comparison of the effect of patient-centred and family-centred education through smartphones on the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes: A quasi-experimental study , Healthcare in Low-resource Settings: Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
- Ayoub Abid Abdul Majeed, Azad AbdulJabar Haleem, Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among secondary school students in Duhok City , Healthcare in Low-resource Settings: Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024)
- Ismansyah Ismansyah, Arifin Hidayat, Rini Ernawati, Bay leaf decoction water and low-impact aerobic exercise impact on blood cholesterol levels , Healthcare in Low-resource Settings: Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): Transforming Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings: a Multidisciplinary Approach Towards Sustainable Solutions, Part I
- Hidayatus Sya’diyah, Dewi Purnama Sarira, Diyan Mutyah, Ayu Citra Mayasari, Sukma Ayu Candra Kirana, Enhancing self-care in elderly patients: the impact of WhatsApp reminder messages at the Heart and Vascular Center , Healthcare in Low-resource Settings: Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): Transforming Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings: a Multidisciplinary Approach Towards Sustainable Solutions, Part III
- Yuvraj Rana, Hina Vaish, Evaluation of the static and dynamic balance in single and dual tasks among active smokers and non-smokers , Healthcare in Low-resource Settings: Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.