https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.12.12659
Emerging immunological challenges in post-COVID individuals: insights from a case series and review
Submitted: 13 May 2024
Accepted: 20 June 2024
Published: 17 July 2024
Accepted: 20 June 2024
Abstract Views: 108
PDF: 45
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled diverse immunological complications extending beyond the acute phase of infection. We present a case series of four patients who developed autoimmune vasculitis and sarcoidosis post-recovery from COVID-19. Case presentations include recurrent fever and respiratory symptoms in a 36-year-old female, granulomatous liver lesions in a 63-year-old male, progressive dyspnea in a 44-year-old female, and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a 74-year-old female following severe pneumonia. These cases underscore the importance of vigilance for immunological sequelae in post-COVID-19 patients, particularly those with predisposing comorbidities. We tried to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms and optimize management strategies for these rare but clinically significant manifestations.
Al-Ani F, Chehade S, Lazo-Langner A. Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review. Thromb Res. 2020;192:152-60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.039
Fox SE, Akmatbekov A, Harbert JL, et al. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:681-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30243-5
British Society for Immunology. Long-term Immunological health consequences of COVID-19. 2020. Available from: https://www.immunology.org/sites/default/files/2022-09/BSI_Long_Term_Immunology_Health_Consequences_Covid-19.pdf
Lin Y, Askonas B. Biological properties of an influenza A virus‐specific killer T cell clone. Inhibition of virus replication in vivo and induction of delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions. J Exp Med. 1981;154:225‐34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.154.2.225
Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, et al. Guillain‐Barre syndrome associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: causality or coincidence? The Lancet Neurology. 2020;19:383‐4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30109-5
Ray A. Miller Fisher syndrome and COVID‐19: is there a link? BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13:e236419.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236419
Guan W‐J, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708‐20.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
Hindilerden F, Yonal‐Hindilerden I, Akar E, et al. Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia in COVID‐19 infection, safely treated with steroids. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2020;12:2020053
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2020.053
Watts RA, Lane SE, Bentham G, Scott DG. Epidemiology of systemic vasculitis: a ten-year study in the United Kingdom. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:414-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200002)43:2<414::AID-ANR23>3.0.CO;2-0
Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Guerrero J, et al. The epidemiology of the primary systemic vasculitides in northwest Spain: implications of the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference definitions. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49:388-93.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11115
Mohammad AJ, Jacobsson LT, Westman KW, et al. Incidence and survival rates in Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome and polyarteritis nodosa. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48:1560-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kep304
Caso F, Costa L, Ruscitti P. Could Sars-Coronavirus-2 trigger autoimmune and / or autoinflammatory mechanisms in genetically predisposed subjects? Autoimmune Rev. 2020;19:102524.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102524
Li G., Chen X., Xu A. Profile of specific antibodies to the SARS-associated coronavirus. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003;349:508-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200307313490520
Mubarak A, Alturaiki W, Hemida MG. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): Infection, Immunological Response, and Vaccine Development. Journal of Immunology Research. 2019;2019:6491738
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6491738
Xu X-W, Wu X-X, Jiang X-G, et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ 2020;368:m606.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m606
García LF. Immune response, inflammation, and the clinical spectrum of COVID-19. Front. Immunol. 2020;11:1441.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01441
Gazzaruso C, Stella NC, Mariani G, et al. High prevalence of antinuclear antibodies and lupus anticoagulant in patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia. Clin. Rheumatol. 2020;39:2095-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05180-7
How to Cite
Karmakar, S., & Sharma, P. (2024). Emerging immunological challenges in post-COVID individuals: insights from a case series and review. Chest Disease Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/cdr.12.12659
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
