Coronavirus syndrome: COVID-19 psychotrauma

Submitted: 7 August 2020
Accepted: 12 November 2020
Published: 14 January 2021
Abstract Views: 1253
PDF: 640
HTML: 6
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

The authors propose term “coronavirus syndrome” for the mental disorder that is a psychical response to the global problem of COVID-19 pandemic. This syndrome will affect up to 10% of the population and we could already observe acute stress reactions to the spread of the infection and changes in people’s ordinary lifestyle. However, the most severe response will be seen later, in this case the catastrophe is similar to the clinical picture of post-traumatic stress disorder. The problem is that coronavirus syndrome will affect the working capacity of population at the period, when economical recovery is essential. The risk groups are health caregivers who worked in COVID departments; patients recovered from a severe form of the disease; people who have lost their loved ones; and those who have suffered significant financial losses or lost their jobs. Adequate prophylaxis of coronavirus syndrome especially in high-risk groups are important for maintaining global mental health and economy.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report #88. World Health Organization (17 April 2020)
COVID-19 STRATEGY UPDATE. World Health Organization (14 April 2020)
An Interview with Murray Stein, Ph.D by Rev. Dr. Robert S Henderson. A World Shadow: COVID-19. Chiron publications. 2020 march. Available at: https://chironpublications.com/a-world-shadow-covid-19
Madsen, Alex (2015). Sonia Delaunay: Artist of the Lost Generation. Open Road Distribution. ISBN 9781504008518.
Bremner JD, Southwick SM, Darnell A, Charney DS. Chronic PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans: course of illness and substance abuse. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153:369-375 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.3.369
Soldatkin V.A., Snedkov E.V., Sukiasyan S.G. Vietnamese, Afghan, Chechen, Donbass syndrome. Evolution of views on the nature of post-traumatic stress. In the book: XVI Congress of Psychiatrists of Russia. All-Russian scientific-practical conference with international participation "Psychiatry at the stages of reform: problems and prospects" Abstract. Moscow, 2015: 495 (in Russ.)
Sharova N.A. Comparative analysis of the Vietnamese and Afghan syndromes. Nauka-Rastudent.ru. 2014;12–2(12):6 (in Russ.)
Leukhova MG, Manukyan GI, Hopiyaynen O.A. Aggression: Chechen syndrome. In Sat: Social Aggression. Third Kuzbass philosophical readings. Materials Int. conf. in 2 parts. 2004: 95–98 (in Russ.)
Sandifer PA, Walker AH. Enhancing Disaster Resilience by Reducing Stress-Associated Health Impacts. Front Public Health. 2018; 6:373. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00373
Shinfuku N. Disaster mental health: lessons learned from the Hanshin Awaji earthquake. World Psychiatry. 2002;1(3):158-9.
Pietrzak RH, Southwick SM, Tracy M, Galea S, Norris FH. Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and perceived needs for psychological care in older persons affected by Hurricane Ike. J Affect Disord. 2012;138(1-2):96-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.018
Neria Y, DiGrande L, Adams BG. Posttraumatic stress disorder following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: a review of the literature among highly exposed populations. Am Psychol. 2011 Sep;66(6):429-46. doi: 10.1037/a0024791 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024791
Alexandrovsky Yu.A. Social stress disorders. RMJ. 1996;3(11):117–126 (in Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.870110130
Stein DJ, Seedat S, Iversen A, Wessely S. Post-traumatic stress disorder: medicine and politics. The Lancet. 2007 13;369(9556):139-44 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60075-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60075-0
Kuester A, Köhler K, Ehring T, Knaevelsrud C, Kober L, Krüger-Gottschalk A, Schäfer I, Schellong J, Wesemann U, Rau H. Comparison of DSM-5 and proposed ICD-11 criteria for PTSD with DSM-IV and ICD-10: changes in PTSD prevalence in military personnel. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2017;8(1):1386988. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1386988 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2017.1386988
American Psychological Association. Clinical practice guideline for the treatment of PTSD in Adults. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/about/offices/directorates/guidelines/ptsd.pdf.
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). Post-traumatic stress disorder. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 116) Published date: 05 December 2018. ISBN: 978-1-4731-3182-8 Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng116/resources/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-pdf-66141601777861
Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Operational Stress Injury, or Critical Incident Stress: A Review of Guidelines [Internet]. CADTH Rapid Response Reports.; 2015 Apr. CADTH Rapid Response Reports. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK304757/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK304757.pdf
Fastovtsov G.A., Sokolova E.A. PTSD and comorbid mental disorders. Russian Psychiatric Journal. 2012;3:77–82 (in Russ.)
Tushkova K.V., Bundalo N.L. Features of the manifestations of post-traumatic stress disorder of varying severity in men and women. Siberian Medical Review. 2011;68(2):80–84 (in Russ.)
Gilpin NW, Weiner JL. Neurobiology of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol-use disorder. Genes Brain Behav. 2017;16(1):15-43. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12349
Frueh B, Elhia J, Grubaugh A, et al. Documented combat exposure of veterans seeking treatment for combat related posttraumatic stress disorder: review of records from the US National Personnel Records Center. Br J Psychiatry. 2005; 186: 467-72 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.6.467
Kitayama N, Vaccarino V, Kutner M, Weiss P, Bremner JD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2005; 88: 79-86 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2005.05.014
Connor KM, Davidson JRT The role of serotonin in posttraumatic stress disorder neurobiology and pharmacotherapy. CNS Spectrums. 1998; 3S2:43-51 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852900007318
Bremner JD, Innis RB, Southwick SM, Staib L, Zoghbi S, Charney DS. Decreased benzodiazepine receptor binding in prefrontal cortex in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2000; 157:1120-26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1120
Harvey BH, Oosthuizen F, Brand L, Wegener G, Stein DJ. Stress-restress evokes sustained iNOS activity and altered GABA levels and NMDA receptors in rat hippocampus. Psychopharmacology. 2004; 175: 494-502
Yehuda R. Current status of Cortisol findings in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2002; 25: 341-68 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-953X(02)00002-3
Charney D. Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: Implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;161:195-216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.195
Brady F, Warnock-Parkes E, Barker C, Ehlers A. Early in-session predictors of response to trauma-focused cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2015;75:40-7. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.001
Mathew AR, Cook JW, Japuntich SJ, Leventhal AM. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, underlying affective vulnerabilities, and smoking for affect regulation. Am J Addict. 2015;24(1):39-46. doi: 10.1111/ajad.12170 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.12170
Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995; 52: 1048-60 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012
Danzi BA, La Greca AM.Genetic pathways to posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in children: Investigation of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met using different PTSD diagnostic models. J Psychiatr Res. 2018;102:81-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.03.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.03.014
Winkler EA, Yue JK, Ferguson AR, Temkin NR, Stein MB, Barber J, Yuh EL, Sharma S, Satris GG, McAllister TW, Rosand J, Sorani MD, Lingsma HF, Tarapore PE, Burchard EG, Hu D, Eng C, Wang KK, Mukherjee P, Okonkwo DO, Diaz-Arrastia R, Manley GT, TRACK-TBI Investigators. COMT Val158Met polymorphism is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and functional outcome following mild traumatic brain injury. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;35:109-116. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.09.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2016.09.017
Malejko K, Abler B, Plener PL, Straub J. Neural Correlates of Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review. Front Psychiatry. 2017;8:85. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00085
Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD. Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:748-66 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.748
DiGangi J.A., Gomez D., Mendoza L., Jasona L.A., Keys C.B., Koenen K.C. Pretrauma risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review. 2013; 33 (6): 728-744 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.002
Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C. Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Dec 13;(12):CD003388. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4
Snyder K. Stress, Monoamines, and Cognitive Flexibility. Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2013, 928 p. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/928
Gesto M, López-Patiño M.A., Hernández, Soengas JL, Míguez JM. The response of brain serotonergic and dopaminergic systems to an acute stressor in rainbow trout: a time course study. Journal of Experimental Biology 2013; 216: 4435-4442; doi: 10.1242/jeb.091751 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.091751
Lee TW, Yu YW, Chen MC, Chen TJ. Cortical mechanisms of the symptomatology in major depressive disorder: A resting EEG study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2011; 131(1-3): 243–250. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.12.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.12.015
Atlantis E, Fahey P, Cochrane B, Smith S. Bidirectional associations between clinically relevant depression or anxiety and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2013; 144(3):766-777. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-1911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-1911
Manna C.B., Tenke CE, Gates NA, Kayser J, Borod JC, Stewart JW, McGrath PJ, Bruder GE. EEG Hemispheric Asymmetries during Cognitive Tasks in Depressed Patients with High versus Low Trait Anxiety. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 2010; 41(4): 196–202. doi:10.1177/155005941004100406, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/155005941004100406
Mathersul D, Williams LM, Hopkinson PJ, Kemp AH. Investigating models of affect: relationships among EEG alpha asymmetry, depression and anxiety. J BiolPsychol. 2008; 80: 560–572. doi: 10.1037/a0012811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012811
Markowitz S, Fanselow M. Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Factors of Limited Success and Possible Alternative Treatment. Brain Sci. 2020; (3)10:167. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10030167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030167

How to Cite

Soloveva, N. V., Makarova, E. V., & Kichuk, I. V. (2021). Coronavirus syndrome: COVID-19 psychotrauma. European Journal of Translational Myology, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2020.9302