https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2019.8776
Investigation of the association between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer patients
Submitted: 21 December 2019
Accepted: 13 January 2020
Published: 1 April 2020
Accepted: 13 January 2020
Abstract Views: 1129
PDF: 671
HTML: 17
HTML: 17
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
One of the most serious cancers among women is breast cancer. This disease is the first reason for the death of women due to cancer. Increasing breast cancer risk may associate with many factors including genetic, reproductive factors, people's lifestyle, metabolic syndrome (MS) and hormones. MS has been known as a risk factor for prostate, pancreatic, breast and colorectal cancers. The purpose of this review is to identify the relationship between MS components and breast cancer individually. This study was performed by researching electronic database references including PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL ProQuest, and web of science through 2019. The effect of MS with its components and breast cancer was reported in many studies.
Nevertheless, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms involved remains a challenge.
However, one can take several preventive measures, including a proper diet, which is one of the most important determinants of metabolic status. Also, general preventive recommendations are including reducing alcohol consumption, red meat and total fat in the diet. Moreover, increasing the consumption of vegetable and fruit reduce the proportion of MS patients to improve the outcome of breast cancer patients.
Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. International journal of cancer. 2015;136:E359-E386.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29210
Fund WCR, Research AIfC. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Vol 1: Amer Inst for Cancer Research; 2007.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12082-007-0105-4
Riccardi G, Rivellese A. Dietary treatment of the metabolic syndrome—the optimal diet. British Journal of Nutrition. 2000;83:S143-S148.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114500001082
Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; national heart, lung, and blood institute; American heart association; world heart federation; international atherosclerosis society; and international association for the study of obesity. Circulation. 2009;120:1640-45.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644
Esposito K, Chiodini P, Capuano A, et al. Metabolic syndrome and postmenopausal breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause. 2013;20:1301-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0b013e31828ce95d
Esposito K, Chiodini P, Capuano A, et al. Effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on prostate cancer risk: meta-analysis. Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2013;36:132-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03346748
Esposito K, Chiodini P, Capuano A, et al. Colorectal cancer association with metabolic syndrome and its components: a systematic review with meta-analysis: Springer; 2013.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-013-9939-5
Osaki Y, Taniguchi S-i, Tahara A, Okamoto M, Kishimoto T. Metabolic syndrome and incidence of liver and breast cancers in Japan. Cancer epidemiology. 2012;36:141-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2011.03.007
Rosato V, Bosetti C, Talamini R, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Annals of Oncology. 2011;22:2687-92.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdr025
Rosato V, Tavani A, Bosetti C, et al. Metabolic syndrome and pancreatic cancer risk: a case-control study in Italy and meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2011;60:1372-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2011.03.005
Bhandari R, Kelley GA, Hartley TA, Rockett IR. Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased breast cancer risk: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Breast Cancer. 2014;2014:189384.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/189384
Michels KB, Solomon CG, Hu FB, et al. Type 2 diabetes and subsequent incidence of breast cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study. Diabetes care. 2003;26:1752-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.6.1752
Larsson SC, Mantzoros CS, Wolk A. Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a meta‐analysis. International journal of cancer. 2007;121:856-62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22717
Goodman MT, Cologne JB, Moriwaki H, et al. Risk factors for primary breast cancer in Japan: 8-year follow-up of atomic bomb survivors. Preventive medicine. 1997;26:144-153.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1996.9979
Weiderpass E, Gridley G, Persson I, et al. Risk of endometrial and breast cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Cancer. 1997;71:360-3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970502)71:3<360::AID-IJC9>3.0.CO;2-W
Wideroff L, Gridley G, Chow W-H, et al. Cancer incidence in a population-based cohort of patients hospitalized with diabetes mellitus in Denmark. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1997;89:1360-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/89.18.1360
Jee SH, Ohrr H, Sull JW, et al. Fasting serum glucose level and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Jama. 2005;293:194-202.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.2.194
Boyle P, Boniol M, Koechlin A, et al. Diabetes and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. British journal of cancer. 2012;107:1608.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2012.414
Van den Brandt PA, Spiegelman D, Yaun S-S, et al. Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies on height, weight, and breast cancer risk. American journal of epidemiology. 2000;152:514-27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/152.6.514
Morimoto LM, White E, Chen Z, et al. Obesity, body size, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative (United States). Cancer Causes & Control. 2002;13:741-51.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020239211145
Tournberg S, Holm L, Carstensen J. Breast cancer risk in relation to serum cholesterol, serum beta-lipoprotein, height, weight, and blood pressure. Acta Oncologica. 1988;27:31-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/02841868809090315
Soler M, Chatenoud L, Negri E, et al. Hypertension and hormone-related neoplasms in women. Hypertension. 1999;34:320-.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.34.2.320
Manjer J, Kaaks R, Riboli E, Berglund G. Risk of breast cancer in relation to anthropometry, blood pressure, blood lipids and glucose metabolism: a prospective study within the Malmö Preventive Project. European journal of cancer prevention. 2001;10:33-42.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200102000-00004
Peeters PH, van Noord PA, Hoes AW, et al. Hypertension and breast cancer risk in a 19-year follow-up study (the DOM cohort). Journal of hypertension. 2000;18:249-54.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200018030-00002
Detection EPO. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III). Jama. 2001;285:2486-497.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486
Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Jama. 2002;287:356-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.3.356
Hauner D, Hauner H. Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer: is there a link? Breast Care. 2014;9:277-81.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000365951
Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. The lancet. 2005;365:1415-28.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7
Coughlin SS, Calle EE, Teras LR, et al. Diabetes mellitus as a predictor of cancer mortality in a large cohort of US adults. American journal of epidemiology. 2004;159:1160-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh161
Xue F, Michels KB. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and breast cancer: a review of the current evidence. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2007;86:823S-835S.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.3.823S
Peairs KS, Barone BB, Snyder CF, et al. Diabetes mellitus and breast cancer outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2011;29:40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.27.3011
Dibaba DT, Ogunsina K, Braithwaite D, et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of breast cancer mortality by menopause, obesity, and subtype. Breast cancer research and treatment. 2019;174:209-18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-018-5056-8
Yancik R, Wesley MN, Ries LA, et al. Effect of age and comorbidity in postmenopausal breast cancer patients aged 55 years and older. Jama. 2001;285:885-92.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.7.885
Ayeni O, Joffe M, Cubasch H, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities in women with and without breast cancer in Soweto, South Africa: Results from the SABC study. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal. 2019;109:264-71.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v109i4.13465
Lega IC, Austin PC, Fischer HD, et al. The impact of diabetes on breast cancer treatments and outcomes: a population-based study. Diabetes care. 2018;41:755-61.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-2012
Du W, Simon MS. Racial disparities in treatment and survival of women with stage I–III breast cancer at a large academic medical center in metropolitan Detroit. Breast cancer research and treatment. 2005;91:243-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-005-0324-9
Chang YS, Seo E-K, Gyllenhaal C, Block KI. Panax ginseng: a role in cancer therapy? Integrative cancer therapies. 2003;2:13-33.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735403251167
Papa V, Pezzino V, Costantino A, et al. Elevated insulin receptor content in human breast cancer. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1990;86:1503-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI114868
Sachdev D, Yee D. The IGF system and breast cancer. Endocrine-related cancer. 2001;8:197-209.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.0.0080197
Renehan AG, Harvie M, Howell A. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and breast cancer risk: eight years on. Endocrine-Related Cancer. 2006;13:273-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01219
Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Del Barco S, et al. If mammalian target of metformin indirectly is mammalian target of rapamycin, then the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor axis will audit the efficacy of metformin in cancer clinical trials. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2009;27:e207.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.24.5456
Bosco JLF, Antonsen S, Sørensen HT, et al. Metformin and incident breast cancer among diabetic women: a population-based case–control study in Denmark. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers. 2011;20:101-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0817
Tang GH, Satkunam M, Pond GR, et al. Association of metformin with breast cancer incidence and mortality in patients with type II diabetes: A grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers. 2018;27:627-35.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0936
Hong J-L, Funk MJ, Buse J, et al. Comparative effect of initiating metformin versus sulfonylureas on breast cancer risk in older women. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). 2017;28:446.
Belda-Iniesta C, Pernía O, Simó R. Metformin: a new option in cancer treatment. Clinical and Translational Oncology. 2011;13:363-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-011-0669-y
Jiang WG, Douglas‐Jones A, Mansel RE. Expression of peroxisome‐proliferator activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ) and the PPARγ co‐activator, PGC‐1, in human breast cancer correlates with clinical outcomes. International journal of cancer. 2003;106:752-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11302
Burstein HJ, Demetri GD, Mueller E, et al. Use of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ ligand troglitazone as treatment for refractory breast cancer: a phase II study. Breast cancer research and treatment. 2003;79:391-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024038127156
Wilson C. Long-term use of insulin glargine might increase the risk of breast cancer. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2011;7:499
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2011.112
Lahmann PH, Hoffmann K, Allen N, et al. Body size and breast cancer risk: findings from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer And Nutrition (EPIC). International journal of cancer. 2004;111:762-71.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20315
Ursin G, Longnecker MP, Haile RW, Greenland S. A meta-analysis of body mass index and risk of premenopausal breast cancer. Epidemiology. 1995:137-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199503000-00009
Yumuk PF, Dane F, Yumuk V, et al. Impact of body mass index on cancer development. Journal of BU ON.: official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology. 2008;13:55-9.
Pichard C, Plu-Bureau G, Castro MN-e, et al. Insulin resistance, obesity and breast cancer risk. Maturitas. 2008;60:19-30.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.03.002
Jevtic M, Velicki R, Popovic M, Cemerlic-Adjic N, Babovic S, Velicki L. Dietary influence on breast cancer. J BUON. 2010;15:455-61.
Carroll PA, Healy L, Lysaght J, et al. Influence of the metabolic syndrome on leptin and leptin receptor in breast cancer. Molecular carcinogenesis. 2011;50:643-51.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.20764
Argolo DF, Hudis CA, Iyengar NM. The impact of obesity on breast cancer. Current oncology reports. 2018;20:47.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-018-0688-8
Gezgen G, Roach E, Kizilarslanoglu M, Petekkaya I, Altundag K. Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer: an overview. J BUON. 2012;17:223-9.
Seretis A, Cividini S, Markozannes G, et al. Association between blood pressure and risk of cancer development: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Scientific reports. 2019;9:8565.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45014-4
Zhao Y, Wang Q, Zhao X, et al. Effect of antihypertensive drugs on breast cancer risk in female hypertensive patients: Evidence from observational studies. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. 2018;40:22-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2017.1288736
Lindgren A, Pukkala E, Tuomilehto J, et al. Incidence of breast cancer among postmenopausal, hypertensive women. International journal of cancer. 2007;121:641-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22689
Largent J, McEligot A, Ziogas A, et al. Hypertension, diuretics and breast cancer risk. Journal of human hypertension. 2006;20:727.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1002075
Li CI, Malone KE, Weiss NS, et al. Relation between use of antihypertensive medications and risk of breast carcinoma among women ages 65–79 years. Cancer: Interdisciplinary International Journal of the American Cancer Society. 2003;98:1504-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11663
Terry MB, Perrin M, Salafia CM, et al. Preeclampsia, pregnancy-related hypertension, and breast cancer risk. American journal of epidemiology. 2007;165:1007-14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwk105
Fiorenza A, Branchi A, Sommariva D. Serum lipoprotein profile in patients with cancer. A comparison with non-cancer subjects. International Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research. 2000;30:141-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s005990070013
Ferraroni M, Gerber M, Decarli A, et al. HDL-cholesterol and breast cancer: a joint study in northern Italy and southern France. International journal of epidemiology. 1993;22:772-80.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/22.5.772
Moorman PG, Hulka BS, Hiatt RA, et al. Association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and breast cancer varies by menopausal status. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers. 1998;7:483-8.
Dos Santos CR, Fonseca I, Dias S, et al. Plasma level of LDL-cholesterol at diagnosis is a predictor factor of breast tumor progression. BMC cancer. 2014;14:132.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-132
Kim Y, Park SK, Han W, et al. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and breast cancer risk by menopausal status, body mass index, and hormonal receptor in Korea. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers. 2009;18:508-15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0133
Kucharska-Newton AM, Rosamond WD, Mink PJ, et al. HDL-cholesterol and incidence of breast cancer in the ARIC cohort study. Annals of epidemiology. 2008;18:671-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.06.006
Agnoli C, Berrino F, Abagnato CA, et al. Metabolic syndrome and postmenopausal breast cancer in the ORDET cohort: a nested case–control study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2010;20:41-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2009.02.006
Capasso I, Esposito E, Pentimalli F, et al. Metabolic syndrome affects breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: National Cancer Institute of Naples experience. Cancer biology & therapy. 2010;10:1240-3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4161/cbt.10.12.13473
Bjørge T, Lukanova A, Jonsson H, et al. Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer in the me-can (metabolic syndrome and cancer) project. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers. 2010;19:1737-45.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0230
Beaulieu LM, Whitley BR, Wiesner TF, et al. Breast cancer and metabolic syndrome linked through the plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 cycle. Bioessays. 2007;29:1029-38.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20640
Stern MP. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the “common soil” hypothesis. Diabetes. 1995;44:369-74.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.44.4.369
Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI, et al. Fasting insulin and outcome in early-stage breast cancer: results of a prospective cohort study. Journal of clinical oncology. 2002;20:42-51.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.1.42
Khandekar MJ, Cohen P, Spiegelman BM. Molecular mechanisms of cancer development in obesity. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2011;11(:886.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3174
Nieman KM, Romero IL, Van Houten B, et al. Adipose tissue and adipocytes support tumorigenesis and metastasis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 2013;1831:1533-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.02.010
Byers T, Sedjo R. Does intentional weight loss reduce cancer risk? Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. 2011;13:1063-72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01464.x
Rack B, Andergassen U, Neugebauer J, et al. The German SUCCESS C study–the first European lifestyle study on breast cancer. Breast Care. 2010;5:395-400.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000322677
Rock CL, Byers TE, Colditz GA, et al. Reducing breast cancer recurrence with weight loss, a vanguard trial: the Exercise and Nutrition to Enhance Recovery and Good Health for You (ENERGY) Trial. Contemporary clinical trials. 2013;34:282-95.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2012.12.003
Cottet V, Touvier M, Fournier A, et al. Postmenopausal breast cancer risk and dietary patterns in the E3N-EPIC prospective cohort study. American journal of epidemiology. 2009;170:1257-67.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp257
Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, et al. Conformity to traditional Mediterranean diet and breast cancer risk in the Greek EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2010;92:620-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29619
How to Cite
Eskandari, D., Khodabandehloo, N., Gholami, A., Samadanifard, H., & Hejrati, A. (2020). Investigation of the association between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer patients. European Journal of Translational Myology, 30(1), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2019.8776
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.