https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2024.12694
Prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and insulin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Submitted: 28 May 2024
Accepted: 19 June 2024
Published: 28 August 2024
Accepted: 19 June 2024
Abstract Views: 441
PDF: 195
HTML: 6
HTML: 6
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is a form of diabetes that progresses slowly and is controlled by diet and oral glucose-lowering medications before insulin is required. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. The present study was conducted based on PRISMA 2020-27-item checklist. To find the studies conducted in line with the purpose of the study, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, EBSCO, Wiley, ISI, Elsevier, Embase databases and Google Scholar search engine were reviewed from 2013 to August 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using effect size with 95% confidence interval. Data analysis was done using STATA/MP. v17 software. The present study was carried out based on the PRISMA 2020 27-point checklist. To find out which studies were carried out in accordance with the purpose of the study, from 2013 to August, the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, EBSCO, Wiley, ISI, Elsevier, Embase and the search engine Google Scholar reviewed 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using effect size with 95% confidence interval. Data analysis was carried out using STATA/MP. v17 software. The overall prevalence of Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults was found to be 7% (95%CI 0–20). Subgroup analysis of Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults in the context of geographic regions showed a higher prevalence in North America (15%) and South East Asia (5%). Since the identification of Latent autoimmune diabetes of adult patients with other forms of diabetes is misdiagnosed due to the combination of phenotypic features with T1D and T2D, studying its prevalence is of great importance.
Regufe VM, Pinto CM, Perez PM. Metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients: A review of current evidence. Porto Biomed J 2020;5:e101.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000101
Blagov AV, Summerhill VI, Sukhorukov VN, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus: Inflammation, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function. Mitochondrion 2023;72:11-21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.002
Kawasaki E. Anti-islet autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes. Internat J Molecular Sci 2023;24:10012.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210012
Buzzetti R, Maddaloni E, Gaglia J, et al. Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. Nature Rev Dis Primers 2022;8:63.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00390-6
Martin TM, Burke SJ, Wasserfall CH, Collier JJ. Islet beta-cells and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1): Integrating immune responses that influence autoimmunity and graft rejection. Autoimmunity Rev 2023:103414.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103414
Baliunaite A, Zukaite G, editors. LADA misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedEspera; 2022. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12710/21241
Jones AG, McDonald TJ, Shields BM, et al. Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) is likely to represent a mixed population of autoimmune (type 1) and nonautoimmune (type 2) diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021;44:1243-51.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2834
Liu B, Xiang Y, Liu Z, Zhou Z. Past, present and future of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetes/Metab Res Rev 2020;36:e3205.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3205
Ramu D, Ramaswamy S, Rao S, Paul SF. The worldwide prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults among adult-onset diabetic individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 2023;82:28-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03424-5
Tam AA, Ozdemir D, Bestepe N, et al. Low rate of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in patients followed for type 2 diabetes: A single center’s experience in Turkey. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2020;64:584-90.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000268
Manisha AM, Shangali AR, Mfinanga SG, Mbugi EV. Prevalence and factors associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Dis 2022;22:1-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-01089-1
Hernández M, Nóvoa-Medina Y, Faner R, et al. Genetics: Is LADA just late onset type 1 diabetes? Front Endocrinol 2022;13:916698.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.916698
Liao Y, Xiang Y, Zhou Z. Diagnostic criteria of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): a review and reflection. Front Med 2012;6:243-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-012-0201-y
Takeda H, Kawasaki E, Shimizu I, et al. Clinical, autoimmune, and genetic characteristics of adult-onset diabetic patients with GAD autoantibodies in Japan (Ehime Study). Diabetes Care 2002;25:995-1001.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.6.995
Hwangbo Y, Kim JT, Kim EK, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody. DMJ 2012;36:136-43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2012.36.2.136
Sachan A, Zaidi G, Sahu RP, et al. Low prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in northern India. Diabetic Med 2015;32:810-3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12644
Katulanda P, Shine B, Katulanda GW, et al. Diabetes mellitus among young adults in Sri Lanka—role of GAD antibodies in classification and treatment: The Sri Lanka Young Diabetes study. Diabetologia 2008;51:1368-74.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-008-1052-6
Hoy D, Brooks P, Woolf A, et al. Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement. J Clin Epidemiol 2012;65:934-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014
Nolasco-Rosales GA, Ramírez-González D, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, et al. Identification and phenotypic characterization of patients with LADA in a population of southeast Mexico. Sci Rep 2023;13:7029.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34171-2
Al-Zubairi T, Al-Habori M, Saif-Ali R. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and its metabolic characteristics among yemeni type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021;14:4223-32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S332416
Gao X, Sun W, Wang Y, et al. Prevalence of positive islet autoantibody in type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study in a Chinese community. Endocrine Connections 2019;8:1493-502.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0379
Ghanem AI, Bassyounia AA, Omar GA. Glutamic acid decarboxylase auto-antibodies prevalence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their clinical characteristics in a sample of the Egyptian population. J Med Sci Res 2019;2:257.
Kumar A, De Leiva A. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in north Indian region: Assessment of β-cell function, metabolic and immunological features. Metabolic Syndrome Related Dis 2017;15:494-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2017.0103
AL-Hasnawi SMJ, AL-Jiboury SA. Prevalence of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adult (LADA) among Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (D.M.2) in Karbala. Kufa J Nursing Sci 2015;5:85–93.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36321/kjns.vi20151.3153
Maddaloni E, Lessan N, Al Tikriti A, et al. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in the United Arab Emirates: clinical features and factors related to insulin-requirement. PloS One 2015;10:e0131837.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131837
Zhou Z, Xiang Y, Ji L, et al. Frequency, immunogenetics, and clinical characteristics of latent autoimmune diabetes in China (LADA China Study) a nationwide, multicenter, clinic-based cross-sectional study. Diabetes 2013;62:543-50.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-0207
Roh M-O, Jung C-H, Kim B-Y, et al. The prevalence and characteristics of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and its relation with chronic complications in a clinical department of a university hospital in Korea. Acta Diabetologica 2013;50:129-34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-010-0228-y
Chandni R, Paul BJ, Udayabhaskaran V, Ramamoorthy K. A study of non-obese diabetes mellitus in adults in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, India. Internat J Diab Devel Countries 2013;33:83-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-013-0113-7
Stenstrom G, Gottsäter A, Bakhtadze E, et al. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: definition, prevalence, β-cell function, and treatment. Diabetes 2005;54:S68-S72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S68
Kumar A, de Leiva A. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in Asian and European populations. Diab/Metab Res Rev 2017;33:e2890.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2890
Vich-Pérez P, Abánades-Herranz JC, Mora-Navarro G, et al. Development and validation of a clinical score for identifying patients with high risk of latent autoimmune adult diabetes (LADA): The LADA primary care-protocol study. Plos One 2023;18:e0281657.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281657
Carlsson S. Lifestyle or environmental influences and their interaction with genetic susceptibility on the risk of LADA. Front Endocrinol 2022;13:917850.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.917850
Hjort R. Interplay between birthweight, family history, obesity, and genes in the development of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes: Karolinska Institutet (Sweden); 2019.
How to Cite
Mohammadi, M. (2024). Prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and insulin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Translational Myology, 34(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2024.12694
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.