https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2023.11560
Experimental study on physical exercise in diabetes: pathophysiology and therapeutic effects
Submitted: 2 July 2023
Accepted: 21 September 2023
Published: 10 October 2023
Accepted: 21 September 2023
Abstract Views: 4086
PDF: 3296
HTML: 14
HTML: 14
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Diabetes is a chronic disease. Some complications can be prevented, their effects can be slowed down. Sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity and consequently the predisposition to diabetes II. The article aimed to demonstrate the positive and negative effects of exercise on active and sedentary diabetics and on pathophysiology, evaluating the effects after 3 and 6 months. The study involved 90 participants, both male and female, with type II diabetes, aged 45, divided into two groups: Group A (n=50, sedentary) and Group B (n=40, active). We evaluated anthropometric parameters, blood chemistry values, which are fundamental for the transversal evaluation of the results. In group A improvements were less noticeable than group B. The most improved parameter is blood sugar, Glycemic values and BMI. Cholesterol and Hb1Ac decreased but more slowly than previous parameters. The expectations of the study were, not only in recognizing the therapeutic and preventive powers of exercise, but above all in choosing to program a motor protocol after a team work between diabetologist, sports doctor and kinesiologist and/ or personal trainer. Physical activity is an additional therapy to insulin.
Harreiter J, Roden M. Diabetes mellitus – Definition, Klassifikation, Diagnose, Screening und Prävention (Update 2019) [Diabetes mellitus-Definition, classification, diagnosis, screening and prevention (Update 2019)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2019 May;131(Suppl 1):6-15. German. PMID: 30980151.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-019-1450-4
American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jan;41(Suppl 1):S13-S27. PMID: 29222373.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-S002
Ferrara CT, Geyer SM, Liu YF, Evans-Molina C, Libman IM, Besser R, Becker DJ, Rodriguez H, Moran A, Gitelman SE, Redondo MJ; Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group. Excess BMI in Childhood: A Modifiable Risk Factor for Type 1 Diabetes Development? Diabetes Care. 2017 May;40(5):698-701. Epub 2017 Feb 15. PMID: 28202550; PMCID: PMC5399656.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-2331
Thomas NJ, Jones SE, Weedon MN, Shields BM, Oram RA, Hattersley AT. Frequency and phenotype of type 1 diabetes in the first six decades of life: a cross-sectional, genetically stratified survival analysis from UK Biobank. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Feb;6(2):122-129. Epub 2017 Nov 30. PMID: 29199115; PMCID: PMC5805861.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30362-5
Chamnan P, Simmons RK, Forouhi NG, Luben RN, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Griffin SJ. Incidence of type 2 diabetes using proposed HbA1c diagnostic criteria in the european prospective investigation of cancer-norfolk cohort: implications for preventive strategies. Diabetes Care. 2011 Apr;34(4):950-6. Epub 2010 Jul 9. PMID: 20622160; PMCID: PMC3064056.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-2326
Swartz AM, Strath SJ, Bassett DR, Moore JB, Redwine BA, Groër M, Thompson DL. Increasing daily walking improves glucose tolerance in overweight women. Prev Med. 2003 Oct;37(4):356-62. PMID: 14507493.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00144-0
Bernardini AL, Vanelli M, Chiari G, Iovane B, Gelmetti C, Vitale R, Errico MK. Adherence to physical activity in young people with type 1 diabetes. Acta Biomed. 2004 Dec;75(3):153-7. PMID: 15796088.
Defrin R, Josefsberg Z, Karp M. [The effect of acute physical activity on blood glucose levels of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. Harefuah. 2004 Dec;143(12):856-60, 912, 911. Hebrew. PMID: 15666702.
Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S, Larrea-Sebal A, Siddiqi H, Uribe KB, Ostolaza H, Martín C. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 30;21(17):6275. PMID: 32872570; PMCID: PMC7503727.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275
Proia P, Amato A, Drid P, Korovljev D, Vasto S, Baldassano S. The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Bone Health in Children and Adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Sep 13;12:704647. PMID: 34589054; PMCID: PMC8473684.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.704647
Moscatelli F, Sessa F, Valenzano A, Polito R, Eronia S, Monda V, Scattarella F. The Influence of Physical Exercise, Stress and Body Composition on Autonomic Nervous System: A Narrative Review. Sport Mont. 2022;20(2), 131-134.
Malaguarnera R, Ledda C, Filippello A, Frasca F, Francavilla VC, Ramaci T, Parisi MC, Rapisarda V, Piro S. Thyroid Cancer and Circadian Clock Disruption. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Oct 24;12(11):3109. PMID: 33114365; PMCID: PMC7690860.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113109
Hamasaki H. Daily physical activity and type 2 diabetes: A review. World J Diabetes. 2016 Jun 25;7(12):243-51.. PMID: 27350847; PMCID: PMC4914832.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v7.i12.243
Francavilla G, Francavilla C. Physical exercise is therapy. Med Sport. 2013;66, 625-628.
Francavilla VC, Polito R, Messina G, Parisi MC, Mingrino OGM, Campanozzi A, Daniele A, Messina A, Monda V, Valenzano, A. Immune system and physical activity. Journal of human sport & exercise. 2020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.Proc4.49
Catalano D, Martines GF, Spadaro D, Di Corrado D, Crispi V, Di Nuovo S, Trovato GM. Qualità della vita nel paziente diabetico [Quality of life in diabetes]. Clin Ter. 2004 May;155(5):175-8. Italian. PMID: 15344564.
Patti A, Maggio MC, Corsello G, Messina G, Iovane A, Palma A. Evaluation of Fitness and the Balance Levels of Children with a Diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jul 19;14(7):806. PMID: 28753965; PMCID: PMC5551244.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070806
Brandenburg SL, Reusch JE, Bauer TA, Jeffers BW, Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG. Effects of exercise training on oxygen uptake kinetic responses in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999 Oct;22(10):1640-6. PMID: 10526728.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.10.1640
Ring M, Eriksson MJ, Fritz T, Nyberg G, Östenson CG, Krook A, Zierath JR, Caidahl K. Influence of physical activity and gender on arterial function in type 2 diabetes, normal and impaired glucose tolerance. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2015 Sep;12(5):315-24. Epub 2015 Jun 19. PMID: 26092821; PMCID: PMC4527971.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164115588548
Farì G, Fischetti F, Zonno A, Marra F, Maglie A, Bianchi FP, Messina G, Ranieri M, Megna M. Musculoskeletal Pain in Gymnasts: A Retrospective Analysis on a Cohort of Professional Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 20;18(10):5460. PMID: 34065250; PMCID: PMC8160814.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105460
Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Jan;37(1):153-6. PMID: 11153730.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(00)01054-8
Luy SC, Dampil OA. Comparison of the Harris-Benedict Equation, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, and Indirect Calorimetry for Measurement of Basal Metabolic Rate among Adult Obese Filipino Patients with Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc. 2018;33(2):152-159. Epub 2018 Sep 10. PMID: 33442121; PMCID: PMC7784146
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.033.02.07
Chung H-R, Sohn HE. Evaluation of VARIANTTM II Hemoglobin A1c Autoanalyzer. Korean J Clin Pathol. 2000; 20: 13-17.
Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults--The Evidence Report. National Institutes of Health. Obes Res. 1998 Sep;6 Suppl 2:51S-209S. Erratum in: Obes Res 1998 Nov;6(6):464. PMID: 9813653.
Polito R, Monda V, Ametta A, Monda M, Messina A, Sessa F, Porro C, Pisanelli D, DiNunno N, DiMizio G, Asmundo A, Daniele A, Francavilla VC. Physical activity has numerous beneficial effects on metabolic and inflammatory processes. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2000; 15(3proc), S815-S821.
Krithikadatta J. Normal distribution. J Conserv Dent. 2014 Jan;17(1):96-7. PMID: 24554873; PMCID: PMC3915399.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.124171
Holloszy JO. Exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005 Jul;99(1):338-43. 2005. PMID: 16036907.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00123.2005
Röhling M, Herder C, Stemper T, Müssig K. Influence of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Glucose Uptake. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:2868652. Epub 2016 Mar 16. PMID: 27069930; PMCID: PMC4812462.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2868652
Colberg SR, Hernandez MJ. The big blue test: effects of 14 minutes of physical activity on blood glucose levels. Diabetes Care. 2013 Feb;36(2):e21. PMID: 23349154; PMCID: PMC3554301.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1671
Colberg SR, Hernandez MJ, Shahzad F. Blood glucose responses to type, intensity, duration, and timing of exercise. Diabetes Care. 2013 Oct;36(10):e177. PMID: 24065851; PMCID: PMC3781559.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0965
Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, Carty C, Chaput JP, Chastin S, Chou R, Dempsey PC, DiPietro L, Ekelund U, Firth J, Friedenreich CM, Garcia L, Gichu M, Jago R, Katzmarzyk PT, Lambert E, Leitzmann M, Milton K, Ortega FB, Ranasinghe C, Stamatakis E, Tiedemann A, Troiano RP, van der Ploeg HP, Wari V, Willumsen JF. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Dec;54(24):1451-1462. PMID: 33239350; PMCID: PMC7719906.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
Francavilla VC, Mingrino O, Di Corrado D, Bellomo M, Lanza G, Crescimanno C, Orofino F, Parisi MC. Endothelial Reprogramming in Sports Traumatology: Role of the Widespread Neuro-Immuno-Endocrine-Endothelial System. Appl Sci. 2023; 13, 170.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010170
Yardley JE, Kenny GP, Perkins BA, Riddell MC, Malcolm JS. Greater fluctuations in blood glucose seen both during and after aerobic exercise as compared to resistance exercise or no exercise in type 1 diabetes: a study using continuous glucose monitoring. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35(Suppl.):S112.
How to Cite
Messina, G., Alioto, A., Parisi, M. C., Mingrino, O., Di Corrado, D., Crescimanno, C., Kuliś , S., Nese Sahin, F., Padua, E., Canzone, A., & Francavilla, V. C. (2023). Experimental study on physical exercise in diabetes: pathophysiology and therapeutic effects. European Journal of Translational Myology, 33(4). https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2023.11560
Copyright (c) 2023 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Sandra Zampieri, Ines Bersch, Piera Smeriglio, Elena Barbieri, Simona Boncompagni, Maria Chiara Maccarone, Ugo Carraro, Program with last minute abstracts of the Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, 27 February – 2 March, 2024 (2024Pdm3) , European Journal of Translational Myology: Vol. 34 No. 1 (2024)
- The Editors, Abstracts of the 2017 Spring Padua Muscle Days: Translational Myology for Impaired Mobility | Euganei Hills, Padua, Italy, March 23-25, 2017 , European Journal of Translational Myology: Vol. 27 No. 2 (2017)
- Sandra Zampieri, Ines Bersch, Piera Smeriglio, Elena Barbieri, Massimo Ganassi, Christiaan Leeuwenburg, Riccardo Rosati, Paolo Gargiulo, Amber Pond, H. Lee Sweeney, Ugo Carraro, Five Padua days on muscle and mobility medicine (2024Pdm3) 27 February - 2 March, 2024 at Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padua, and San Luca Hall, Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy , European Journal of Translational Myology: Vol. 33 No. 4 (2023)
- The Editors, Abstracts of the 2016 Spring Padua Muscle Days: Muscle decline in aging and neuromuscular disorders - Mechanisms and countermeasures | Terme Euganee, Padua, Italy, April 13-16, 2016 , European Journal of Translational Myology: Vol. 26 No. 1 (2016)
- Nicola Manocchio, Isabella Iovene, Antonio Santoro, Maria Chiara Maccarone, Calogero Foti, Report and Abstracts of the 15th Congress of the Mediterranean Forum of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine: Rome, July 6-8, 2023 , European Journal of Translational Myology: Vol. 33 No. 4 (2023)
- Valentina Contrò, Gabriella Schiera, Antonino Abbruzzo, Antonino Bianco, Alessandra Amato, Alessia Sacco, Alessandra Macchiarella, Antonio Palma, Patrizia Proia, An innovative way to highlight the power of each polymorphism on elite athletes phenotype expression , European Journal of Translational Myology: Vol. 28 No. 1 (2018)
- Hamidreza Salimi, Amir Hossein Haghighi, Shima Ababzadeh, Hamid Marefati, Sadegh Abbasian, Amber L. Pond, Paulo Gentil, Aerobic training and vitamin E administration ameliorates cardiac apoptosis markers in rats exposed to methamphetamine , European Journal of Translational Myology: Vol. 33 No. 4 (2023)
- Silvo Pšeničnik Sluga, Ziga Kozinc, Sensorimotor and proprioceptive exercise programs to improve balance in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis , European Journal of Translational Myology: Vol. 34 No. 1 (2024)
- Mohsen Taban, Arezousadat Fatemi, Milad Soleimani, Seyed Masoud Sajedi, Berahman Sabzevari, Risk factors associated with implant sites prepared by orthodontic treatment: a systematic review , European Journal of Translational Myology: Vol. 33 No. 4 (2023)
- Marco Quadrelli, Tommaso Baccaglini, Aldo Morra, Quantitative 3D-CT imaging of sarcopenia mitigation in the elderly: evidence from a case report , European Journal of Translational Myology: Vol. 34 No. 2 (2024)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.