https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2022.10271
Existential therapy versus acceptance and commitment therapy for feelings of loneliness and irrational beliefs in male prisoners
Submitted: 6 November 2021
Accepted: 8 November 2021
Published: 24 November 2021
Accepted: 8 November 2021
Abstract Views: 2114
PDF: 1178
HTML: 20
HTML: 20
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Today’s people live in a society with many dangers to their peace and security. The effectiveness of different therapies in psychological variables needs to be evaluated to reach the most precise therapies based on research evidence. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of existential therapy (ET) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in alleviating the loneliness and irrational beliefs of male prisoners. In the present quasi-experimental study, the statistical population consisted of all married male prisoners aged between 25 to 45 years in Mashhad Central Prison in the first half of 2017. Among the statistical population, 36 people were selected and then randomly placed in three research groups. The two experimental groups underwent eight separate intervention sessions, ET, and ACT. At the beginning and end of the study, all of the three groups were evaluated by a research questionnaire, including the loneliness scale. The results of data analysis showed that, in comparison with the control group, the changes in the other two groups under ET and ACT were significant as to the feeling of loneliness and irrational beliefs of prisoners. However, there was no significant difference between the effects of these two treatments. The present research was limited in the case of examining the follow-up stage due to lack of access and cooperation of the subjects, incorporating some control variables (such as the history of substance use and psychiatry), and employing other evaluation methods (e.g., interview). It is highly suggested that future research should address these limitations.
Weller, MP, Weller, B. Crime and psychopathology. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986 Jan 4;292(6512):55-6..
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.292.6512.55
Konrad, N, Welke, J, Opitz-Welke, A. Prison psychiatry. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012 Sep;25(5):375-80.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328356b7c3
Baybutt, M, Dooris, M, Farrier, A. Growing health in UK prison settings. Health Promot Int. 2019 Aug 1;34(4):792-802.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day037
Gee, J, Loewenthal, D, Cayne, J. Psychotherapy and despair in the prison setting. Int J Prison Health. 2015;11(3):141-56.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-11-2014-0042
Kristofersson, GK, Kaas, MJ. Stress management techniques in the prison setting. J Forensic Nurs. Apr-Jun 2013;9(2):111-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a5a89
De Berardis D, Vellante F, Fornaro M, Anastasia A, Olivieri L, Rapini G, Serroni N, Orsolini L, Valchera A, Carano A, Tomasetti C. Alexithymia, suicide ideation, affective temperaments and homocysteine levels in drug naïve patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: an exploratory study in the everyday ‘real world’clinical practice. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2020 Mar;24(1):83-7. Epub 2019 Dec 12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2019.1699575
De Berardis D, Marini S, Serroni N, Iasevoli F, Tomasetti C, de Bartolomeis A, Mazza M, Tempesta D, Valchera A, Fornaro M, Pompili M. Targeting the noradrenergic system in posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prazosin trials. Curr Drug Targets. 2015;16(10):1094-106.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150506114108
Khosravi M. The mediating role of alexithymia in the association between attachment styles and borderline personality symptomatology. Health Psychol Res. 2020 Oct 1;8(2):8894. eCollection 2020 Oct 5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/hpr.2020.8894
Fazel, S, Hayes, AJ, Bartellas, K, Clerici M, Trestman R. Mental health of prisoners: prevalence, adverse outcomes, and interventions. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016 Sep;3(9):871-81. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30142-0. Epub 2016 Jul 14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30142-0
Goomany, A, Dickinson, T. The influence of prison climate on the mental health of adult prisoners: a literature review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2015 Aug;22(6):413-22. Epub 2015 Jun 30.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12231
MacDonald, M. Women prisoners, mental health, violence and abuse. Int J Law Psychiatry. May-Aug 2013;36(3-4):293-303. Epub 2013 May 1.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.04.014
Yalom, ID. The gift of therapy: An open letter to a new generation of therapists and their patients. New York: Harper Collins; 2001.
Bekhet, AK, Zauszniewski, JA, Nakhla, WE. Loneliness: a concept analysis. Nurs Forum. Oct-Dec 2008;43(4):207-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2008.00114.x
May, R, Yalom, ID. Existential psychotherapy. In: Corsini RJ, Wedding D, editors, Current psychotherapies. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole; 2005. p. 269-298.
Van Deurzen, E. Existential counselling & psychotherapy in practice. 3rd ed. New York: SAGE Publications; 2012.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473983205
Van Deurzen E, Craig E, Lӓgle A, Schneider KJ, Tantam D, du Plock S. The Wiley handbook of existential therapy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2019.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119167198
Udo C, Melin-Johansson C, Danielson E. Existential issues among health care staff in surgical cancer care–discussions in supervision sessions. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2011 Dec;15(5):447-53. Epub 2010 Dec 14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2010.11.010
Bohlmeijer ET, Lamers SM, Fledderus M. Flourishing in people with depressive symptomatology increases with acceptance and commitment therapy. Post-hoc analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2015 Feb;65:101-6. Epub 2014 Dec 27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.014
Dindo L, Van Liew JR, Arch JJ. Acceptance and commitment therapy: a transdiagnostic behavioral intervention for mental health and medical conditions. Neurotherapeutics. 2017 Jul;14(3):546-553.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-017-0521-3
Ducasse D, Fond G. Acceptance and commitment therapy. Encephale. 2015 Feb;41(1):1-9. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2013.04.017
Forman EM, Herbert JD. New directions in cognitive behavior therapy: Acceptance-based therapies. In: O’Donohue W, Fisher JE, editors. General principles and empirically supported techniques of cognitive behavior therapy. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2009. p. 102-114.
Russell DW. UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. J Pers Assess. 1996 Feb;66(1):20-40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2
Çağan Ö, Ünsal A. Depression and loneliness in disabled adults. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014;114:754-60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.780
Sodani M, Shogaeyan M, Neysi A. he effect of group logotherapy on loneliness in retired men. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences. 2012;2(1):43-54. (Persian)
Motamedin, M., Badri, R., Ebadi, G., Zamani, N. Standardization of Irrational Beliefs Test (4IBT-A) in Tabriz. Psychological Methods and Models. 2012;2(8):73-87. (Persian)
Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 2001.
Mahmoudpour A, Rayesh N, Ghanbarian E, Rezaee M. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on emotional regulation and loneliness of divorced women in Iran. J Marital Fam Ther. 2021 Oct;47(4):831-842. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12492
Abosaidi Moghadam N, Sanagouye Moharer G, Shirazi M. Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on feelings of loneliness, shame, and guilt in female applicants for divorce. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2020;14(1):35-54. (Persian)
Javanbakht Z, Manshey G. The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based treatment on meaning of life and feeling lonely of adolescents in the alternative care center. Quarterly journal of social work. 2017;5(4):39-42. (Persian)
Ghaffari Cherati AA. The Impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Social Acceptance and Loneliness of Women. Quarterly Journal of Family and Research. 2021 10;18(2):107-20. (Persian)
MirMoeini P, Bayazi MH, Khalatbari J. Comparing the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Compassion Focused Therapy on loneliness in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Yafteh. 2021;22(4):132-45. (Persian)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32598/hms.27.4.3426.1
Askari E, Tajeri B, Bermas H. Determining the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Therapy on Interdependence, loneliness Feeling and attribution style of the wives of addicts. Iranian journal of educational sociology. 2017;1(2):146-56. (Persian)
Hayes SC, Strosahl KD. A Practical Guide to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. New York: Springer Science and Business, Media Inc; 2010.
Lashani L, Farhoudian A, Azkhosh M, Dolatshahee B, Saadati H. Acceptance and commitment therapy in the satisfaction of veterans with spinal cord injuries spouses. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2013;11(3):56-60. (Persian)
Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2006 Jan;44(1):1-25.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
Soroush A, Ziapour A, Abbas J, Jahanbin I, Andayeshgar B, Moradi F, Najafi S, Cheraghpouran E. Effects of Group Logotherapy Training on Self-Esteem, Communication Skills, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in Older Adults. Ageing International. 2021:1-21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-021-09458-2
Jefferson A, Bortolotti L, Kuzmanovic B. What is unrealistic optimism?. Conscious Cogn. 2017 Apr;50:3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.10.005.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.10.005
Hood Morris LE. A spiritual well-being model: Use with older women who experience depression. Issues Ment Health Nurs. Sep-Oct 1996;17(5):439-55.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/01612849609009412
How to Cite
Ziaee, A., Nejat, H., Amarghan, H. A., & Fariborzi, E. (2021). Existential therapy versus acceptance and commitment therapy for feelings of loneliness and irrational beliefs in male prisoners. European Journal of Translational Myology, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2022.10271
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.