https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2021.10063

Retinopathy of prematurity in Ardabil, North West of Iran: Prevalence and risk factors

Vol. 31 No. 4 (2021)
Submitted: 27 August 2021
Accepted: 5 October 2021
Published: 10 November 2021
Retinopathy, prematurity, ROP, newborn
Abstract Views: 969
PDF: 311
HTML: 2
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Yousef Fekri
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Islamic Republic of.
Habib Ojaghi
habibojaghi@yahoo.com
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Islamic Republic of.
Neda Momeni
School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Islamic Republic of.
Firouz Amani
School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran, Islamic Republic of.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which affects the retina of premature infants, is a leading cause of blindness in premature infants worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity infants referred to Alavi hospital between October 2018 and October 2019. In the present study, 400 infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks and or birth weight of 2000 g or less were enrolled in the study. Required information including sex, gestational age, maternal age, birth weight, type of delivery, oxygen therapy, septicemia, multiple gestations, consanguineous marriage, respiratory problem, and blood exchange were extracted from their hospital records and then included in the data collection form. These infants were also examined for ROP, stage and area of involvement by an experienced ophthalmologist and then classified into two groups including retinopathy and healthy group. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS 25 software using chi-square, fisher exact test, t-test, binary logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. Of the 400 preterm infants studied (57.2% male and 42.8% female), 107 (26.8%) infants had ROP of whom 23 (21.5%) needed treatment (i.e. 5.8% of all infants need treatment). There were 4 (3.7%), 29 (27.1%), and 74 (69.2%) infants with zone I, II, and III, respectively. There were 91 (85%), 11 (10.3%), and 5 (4.7%) infants with stage I, II, and III, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parental consanguinity (OR=2.263, 95%CI: 1.240-4.130, P=0.008), gestational age less than 32.5 weeks (OR=4.067, 95%CI: 2.340-7.069, P<0.001), and birth weight less than 1725 g (OR=4.522, 95%CI: 2.677-7.637, P<0.001) were associated with a 2.3-fold, 4.1-fold, and 4.5-fold increased risk of ROP, respectively. ROP had no significant relationship with other variables. In summary, the findings of the present study showed that one quarter of the premature infants had ROP. Furthermore, birth weight less than 1725 g, gestational age less than 32.5 weeks, and parental consanguinity were risk factors for ROP, in addition, one-fifth of the infants with ROP needed treatment.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Mansouri M, Kadivar M, Karkhaneh R, Riazi Esfahani M, Nili Ahmadabadi M, Faghihi H, Mirshahi A, Sadat-Nayeri F, Farahvash MS, Tabatabaei A, Adelpour A, Abdollahi M. Prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight or low gestational age infants. BINA Journal of Ophthalmology. 2007;12(4):428-34.
Alizadeh Y, Zarkesh M, Moghadam RS, Esfandiarpour B, Behboudi H, Karambin MM, Heidarzade A. Incidence and Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity in North of Iran. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2015 Oct-Dec;10(4):424-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-322X.176907
Naderian G, Iranpour R, Mohammadizadeh M, Najafabadi FF, Badiei Z, Naseri F, Naderian MA, Sajadi V. The Frequency of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Premature Infants Referred to an Ophthalmology Clinic in Isfahan. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2011;29(128):1-5. [Persian].
Naderian GA, Moulavi H, Hadipour M, Sajadi V. Prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in Isfahan. Bina Journal of Ophthalmology. 2010;3(15):208-12.
Sadegji K, Hashemi F, Heidarzadeh M, Parish M. Frequency and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Premature Infants. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 2009;30(2):73-7.
Blencowe H, Lawn JE, Vazquez T, Fielder A, Gilbert C. Preterm-associated visual impairment and estimates of retinopathy of prematurity at regional and global levels for 2010. Pediatr Res. 2013 Dec;74 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):35-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2013.205
Norinia R, Nazari R. Retinopathy of Prematurity: Evolving Concepts in Diagnosis and Management. Bina Journal of Ophthalmology. 2017;21(4):421-30.
Kim SJ, Port AD, Swan R, Campbell JP, Chan RVP, Chiang MF. Retinopathy of prematurity: a review of risk factors and their clinical significance. Surv Ophthalmol. 2018 Sep-Oct;63(5):618-637. Epub 2018 Apr 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.04.002
Roohipoor R, Riazi Esfahani H, Seniar K, Karkhaneh R, Zarei M, Bazvand F. Retinopathy of Prematurity-A Review Article. Bina J Ophthalmol. 2018;24(1):1-19.
Chedid F, Shanteer S, Haddad H, Musharraf I, Shihab Z, Imran A, Adma HA, Salman N, Rahmani A. Short-term outcome of very low birth weight infants in a developing country: comparison with the Vermont Oxford Network. J Trop Pediatr. 2009 Feb;55(1):15-9. Epub 2008 Jul 23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmn064
Kossambe S, Joglekar S, D’Lima A, Silveira M.P. Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in Goa, India: a report from tertiary care centre. 2019;6(3):1228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192017
Ludwig CA, Chen TA, Hernandez-Boussard T, Moshfeghi AA, Moshfeghi DM. The Epidemiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity in the United States. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017 Jul 1;48(7):553-562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160-20170630-06
Acevedo-Castellón R, Ramírez-Neria P, García-Franco R. Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity type 1 and type 2 in a regional Hospital of Social Security in the state of Queretaro, Mexico (2017-2018). 2019;19(1):91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-019-1095-0
Reyes ZS, Al-Mulaabed SW, Bataclan F, Montemayor C, Ganesh A, Al-Zuhaibi S, et al. Retinopathy of prematurity: revisiting incidence and risk factors from Oman compared to other countries. 2017;10(1):26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ojo.OJO_234_2014
Hadi AMA, Hamdy IS. Correlation between risk factors during the neonatal period and appearance of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units in Alexandria, Egypt. Clinical ophthalmology. 2013;7(1):831-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S40136
Ali M, Anwar M, Naeem M. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP); association with risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) of in-hospital newborns of low birth weight (lbw) in tertiary care hospital. Professional Med J. 2019;26(4):669-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2019.26.04.3375
Coutinho I, Pedrosa C, Mota M, Azeredo-Lopes S, Santos C, Pires G, Teixeira S, Cunha M. Retinopathy of prematurity: results from 10 years in a single neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine 2017;6(1):e060122
Al Hazzani F, Al-Alaiyan S, Hassanein J, Khadawardi E. Short-term outcome of very low-birth-weight infants in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2011 Nov-Dec;31(6):581-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0256-4947.87093
Daraie G, Nooripoor S, Ashrafi A M, Ghorbani R. Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity and some related factors in premature infants born at Amir-al- Momenin hospital in Semnan, Iran. KOOMESH. 2016; 17(2): 297-303.
Fouladinejad M, Motahari MM, Gharib MH, Sheishari F, Soltani M. The prevalence, intensity and some risk factors of retinopathy of premature newborns in Taleghani Hospital, Gorgan, Iran. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci. 2009;11(2):51-4.
Ebrahim M, Ahmad RS, Mohammad M. Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in Babol, North of Iran. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2010 Jun;17(3):166-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/09286581003734860
Karkhaneh R, Mousavi SZ, Riazi-Esfahani M, Ebrahimzadeh SA, Roohipoor R, Kadivar M, Ghalichi L, Mohammadi SF, Mansouri MR. Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary eye hospital in Tehran. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Nov;92(11):1446-9. Epub 2008 Aug 26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2008.145136
Ghaseminejad A, Niknafs P. Distribution of retinopathy of prematurity and its risk factors. Iran J Pediatr. 2011 Jun;21(2):209-14.
Mansouri M, Kadivar M, Karkhaneh R, Riazi Esfahani M, Nili Ahmadabadi P. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low Birth Weight or Low Gestational Age Infants. Bina J Ophthalmol. 2007;12(4):428-34.
Gharaibeh A, Khassawneh M, Khriesat W, Alkhatib S, Migdadi Y. Adopting Western Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Programs in Eastern Countries, are we Screening Properly? Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2011 Jul;18(3):209-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.84047
Sabri K, Manktelow B, Anwar S, Field D, Woodruff G. Ethnic variations in the incidence and outcome of severe retinopathy of prematurity. Can J Ophthalmol. 2007 Oct;42(5):727-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3129/i07-136
Dickinson JL, Sale MM, Passmore A, FitzGerald LM, Wheatley CM, Burdon KP, Craig JE, Tengtrisorn S, Carden SM, Maclean H, Mackey DA. Mutations in the NDP gene: contribution to Norrie disease, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006 Sep-Oct;34(7):682-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2006.01314.x
Kwinta P, Bik-Multanowski M, Mitkowska Z, Tomasik T, Pietrzyk JJ. The clinical role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008 Oct;246(10):1467-75. Epub 2008 Jun 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-008-0865-9
Gunn DJ, Cartwright DW, Gole GA. Prevalence and outcomes of laser treatment of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;42(5):459-65. Epub 2014 Jan 23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12280

How to Cite

Fekri, Y., Ojaghi, H., Momeni, N., & Amani, F. (2021). Retinopathy of prematurity in Ardabil, North West of Iran: Prevalence and risk factors. European Journal of Translational Myology, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2021.10063

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.