https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2023.11361

Evaluation of risk factors for recurrent renal stone formation among Saudi Arabian patients: Comparison with first renal stone episode

Vol. 95 No. 3 (2023)
Submitted: April 5, 2023
Accepted: May 28, 2023
Published: July 3, 2023
Renal stone, Risk factors, Recurrence, Saudi Arabia
Abstract Views: 1016
PDF: 495
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Authors

Mohammed Alshehri
Department of Urology, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hind Alsaeed
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6138-9868
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Malath Alrowili
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5812-7892
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Faisal Alhoshan
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4258-2498
Prince Sultan Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Ali Abdel Raheem
aliraheem82@yahoo.com
Department of Urology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Urology, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt.
Ayman Hagras
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-6242
Department of Urology, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt; Division of Urology, Surgery Department, Sharurah Armed Forces Hospital, Sharurah, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: We evaluated the baseline characteristics, and risk factors of renal stone recurrence among Saudi Arabian patients after successful primary stone treatment. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, we reviewed the medical records of patients who presented consecutively with a first renal stone episode from 2015 to 2021 and were followed-up by mail questionnaire, telephone interviews, and/or outpatient clinic visit. We included patients who achieved stone-free status after primary treatment. Patients were divided into two groups: group I (patients with first episode renal stone) and group Ⅱ (patients who developed renal stone recurrence). The study outcomes were to compare the demographics of both groups and to evaluate the risk factors of renal stone recurrence after successful primary treatment. We used Student’s t-test, Mann Whitney test or chi-square (x2) to compare variables between groups. Cox regression analyses were used to examine the predictors. Results: We investigated 1260 participants (820 males and 440 females). Of this number, 877 (69.6%) didn’t develop renal stone recurrence and 383 (30.4%) had recurrence. Primary treatments were percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), surgery and medical treatment in 22.5%, 34.7%, 26.5%, 10.3%, and 6%, respectively. After primary treatment, 970 (77%) and 1011 (80.2%) of patients didn’t have either stone chemical analysis or metabolic work-up, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender (OR: 1.686; 95% CI, 1.216-2.337), hypertension (OR: 2.342; 95% CI, 1.439-3.812), primary hyperparathyroidism (OR: 2.806; 95% CI, 1.510-5.215), low fluid intake (OR: 28.398; 95% CI, 18.158-44.403) and high daily protein intake (OR: 10.058; 95% CI, 6.400-15.807) were predictors of renal stone recurrence. Conclusions: Male gender, hypertension, primary hyperparathyroidism, low fluid intake and high daily protein intake increase the risk of renal stone recurrence among Saudi Arabian patients.

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Ali Abdel Raheem, Department of Urology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Urology, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta

Urology

How to Cite

Alshehri, M., Alsaeed, H., Alrowili, M., Alhoshan, F., Abdel Raheem, A., & Hagras, A. (2023). Evaluation of risk factors for recurrent renal stone formation among Saudi Arabian patients: Comparison with first renal stone episode. Archivio Italiano Di Urologia E Andrologia, 95(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2023.11361
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