Evaluation of antibiotic resistance and microorganisms “Alert” recorded in 2008 at the A.O.R.N.V. Monaldi (Naples)

The risk of infection is higher in intensive care units than in the other hospital department because of multiple factors contributing. In particular, it is estimated that the frequency of nosocomial infections is much higher in the patients hospitalized in the ICU than in patients hospitalized in other wards, with an incidence equal to 34%. In this study,we have assessed the grade of dangerous antibiotic resistance in intensive care units in our local reality.We have retrospectively analyzed the results for the microbiological test performed in 2003 and 2008 in the intensive care unit of A.O.R.N.V. Monaldi (Naples). The bacterial strains, once isolated from cultures, were identified microscopic analytical methods, biochemical methods and other manual and automated way. With regard to the Gram positive bacteria belonging to the Staphylococcus genus, it was evaluated carefully methicillin resistance and the MIC to vancomycin, confirmed by E-test in case of VISA strains. Besides it has been assessed and confirmed by test the vancomycin resistance of the Enterococcus, in case of VRE strains, and its resistance to high levels of gentamicin.With regard to the Gram negative bacteria, instead, it was evaluated the production of ESBL in the Enterobacteriaceae and the resistance to carbapenems of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa.